Darcy–Forchheimer modelling on unsteady MHD convection flow of a hybrid nanofluids (CNTs–Al₂O₃/H₂O) over a stretching sheet

Abstract

The present article provides a detailed analysis of the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanofluid past a porous stretching sheet. The carbon nanotubes and Al2O3 (aluminium oxide) are used to synthesize hybrid nanofluid. The nanoparticles of carbon nanotubes have attained fame to enhance the thermo‐physical features of fluid particles. The inclusion of nanoparticles of multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)/single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and alumina in water past a stretching sheet by the magnetic field, thermal radiation, heat dissipation as well as slip conditions is computationally explored. The hybrid nanofluid flow experiences the unsteady non‐Darcy relation across two‐dimensional stretchable surface. At first, the governing partial differential equations of the projected modelling are in non‐dimensional and to attain the ordinary differential equations via the appropriate dimensionless similarity transformations and are then computationally explored by bvp4c MATLAB solver. The pertinent parameters of the associated model are demonstrated by the graphical profiles and tables. Furthermore, magnetic parameter, porosity parameter and inertia coefficient parameter tend to retards the flow pattern of hybrid nanofluid. The SWCNTs‐alumina/water experiences more resistive force as compared to the MWCNTs‐alumina/water. Higher values of Forchheimer parameter retards velocity profile as MWCNTs‐alumina/water flow overshoots SWCNTs‐/alumina water. The enhancement of volume fraction of MWCNTs and SWCNTs enhanced the rate of heat transfer throughout the fluid region.