Dansyl-containing fluorogenic calixarenes as optical chemosensors of hazardous metal ions: a mini-review

Abstract

Fluorescent chemosensors serve as an efficient tool for selective detection of toxic metal ions (Hg 2þ , Cd 2þ , Pb 2þ , etc.) in the environment. This review is focused on optical metal ion recognition with employment of calixarene-based sensors containing one or more dansyl fluorophore groups. The effect of structural variations, including the mode of dansyl unit attachment, calixarene scaffold type and conformation, as well as the identity and pattern of upper-and lower-rim substituents on the selectivity and sensitivity of these fluoroionophores towards hazardous metal ions is discussed.

Theoretical Model for Spectroscopic Study of Cu+2, Co+2, and Fe+3 Dissolved in Ethanol with A Different Concentrations

“…Because of the institution of a firmer ''O-dansyl'' electron donor instead of ''HN-dansyl fluoro ionophores'' which shifts coordination partialities for these transition metal ions. This results in strong complex formation with Cu +2 , Co +2 and Fe +3 [31]. In addition, these metal ions in nature are hard acids, compared to the other metal ions, in other hands, the positive metal ions are electron ''pair acceptors'', and can be considered as ''Lewis acids''.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemosensing Application of Poly(methyl Methacrylate-Co-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) With Dansyl Side Group

“…Additionally, being one of the smallest available fluorophores, its emission spectrum is sensitive to chemical environment, such as pH and polarity [21]. Thus, dansyl-containing small molecular compounds, dendrimers, or polymers were used as fluorescent probes against metal cations, anions, biological materials, and nitro aromatic compounds [19,20,[22][23][24][25].…”

“…Additionally, being one of the smallest available fluorophores, its emission spectrum is sensitive to chemical environment, such as pH and polarity [21]. Thus, dansyl-containing small molecular compounds, dendrimers, or polymers were used as fluorescent probes against metal cations, anions, biological materials, and nitro aromatic compounds [19,20,[22][23][24][25] deoxygenated by purging gently with argon and the reaction was carried out at 80°C for 2 h. The reaction was quenched by dipping the flask into a salt-ice mixture, the crude product was dissolved in 10 mL DCM, and precipitated into cold hexane. The precipitation procedure was performed once more, P1 was isolated by filtration, and dried at room temperature in vacuo until a constant weight was obtained.…”

Evaluation of deep cavity imidazolylcalix[n]arenes for selective extraction of silver

“…Recognition of metal ions of biological [1,2], medicinal [3,4], radioactive [5,6] and environmental significance [7] is an area of intense research activity [8,9]. Owing to the presence of distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions and adjustable cavity dimensions in their molecular architecture, calixarenes have attracted considerable attention for the design of useful receptors [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”