Dangers and Strangers: Pathogenic threat, fear, and perceived vulnerability do not predict ethnocentric orientations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe

Eder, Stephanie J.; Stefańczyk, Michał; Pieniak, Michał; Martínez-Molina, Judit; Binter, Jakub; Pešout, Ondra; Smela, Patrick; Scharnowski, Frank; Steyrl, David

doi:10.22330/he/36/125-137

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…A possible explanation may be that people who live in regions where pathogens are prevalent, show increased xenophobia to strangers or foreigners, which in turn increase with ingroup conformity (Murray et al, 2011;Schaller et al, 2015), which in turn decreases IWAH in face of the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, previous studies did not find a reduction in the level of identification with all humanity during the pandemic (Eder et al, 2021;. Third, IWAH was positively correlated to help-seeking, meaning that individuals with higher IWAH scores generally have higher willingness to seek help in face of suicide, and vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) scale: its psychometric properties and associations with help-seeking during COVID-19

et al. 2022

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The Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) scale was designed to measure the extent to which an individual identifies oneself with all human beings. The current research aimed to conduct the validation of IWAH in a Chinese population and its convergent validity, as well as test the implications of IWAH in associations with help-seeking behaviour during COVID-19. A serial of three studies was conducted from September 1st 2020 to the end of October 2020. The series of studies included Study 1-Exploring the dimensions of the IWAH scale with a sample of 2,881 participants, Study 2-Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the Chinese IWAH dimensions with a separate sample of 6,667 participants, and Study 3-Role of the IWAH in the COVID-19 pandemic with a sample of 9,046 participants. Study 1 found the Chinese version of the IWAH scale to be a two-dimensional construct, with factor 1 -Bond with Humanity and factor 2 -Human Kinship. Study 2 confirmed the two-factor construct as found in Study 1. It also showed positive relations between IWAH and moral judgement, collectivism, nature connectedness, and negative relations with callousness, and having anxiety and depressive symptoms. Study 3 found that IWAH was negatively related to fear of COVID-19 and positively related to the likeliness of help-seeking. This is the first research to test the factorial structure of the IWAH scale in a Chinese population, with the adaptation showing good psychometric properties. The implication of IWAH on fear of COVID-19 and help-seeking provided further understanding of the possible practical value of IWAH during times of global stressful life events. Furthermore, study 3 is the first to explore how IWAH relates to anxiety, depression, and callousness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) scale: its psychometric properties and associations with help-seeking during COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Changes in perceived vulnerability to disease, resilience, and disgust sensitivity during the pandemic: A longitudinal study

Stefanczyk,

Rokosz,

Białek

2024

Curr Psychol

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Political Attitudes and Disease Threat: Regional Pathogen Stress Is Associated With Conservative Ideology Only for Older Individuals

Brown

Walasek

Mullett

et al. 2023

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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What environmental factors are associated with individual differences in political ideology, and do such associations change over time? We examine whether reductions in pathogen prevalence in U.S. states over the past 60 years are associated with reduced associations between parasite stress and conservatism. We report a positive association between infection levels and conservative ideology in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. However, this correlation reduces from the 1980s onwards. These results suggest that the ecological influence of infectious diseases may be larger for older people who grew up (or whose parents grew up) during earlier time periods. We test this hypothesis by analyzing the political affiliation of 45,000 Facebook users, and find a positive association between self-reported political affiliation and regional pathogen stress for older (>40 years) but not younger individuals. It is concluded that the influence of environmental pathogen stress on ideology may have reduced over time.

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Dangers and Strangers: Pathogenic threat, fear, and perceived vulnerability do not predict ethnocentric orientations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe

Abstract: Pathogenic threat, fear, and perceived vulnerability do not predict ethnocentric orientations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

The Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) scale: its psychometric properties and associations with help-seeking during COVID-19

The Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) scale: its psychometric properties and associations with help-seeking during COVID-19

Changes in perceived vulnerability to disease, resilience, and disgust sensitivity during the pandemic: A longitudinal study

Political Attitudes and Disease Threat: Regional Pathogen Stress Is Associated With Conservative Ideology Only for Older Individuals

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