DANGER! NO HIKING! Risky hiking decisions, framing of normative warning messages, and self-exempting beliefs

Kortenkamp, Katherine V.; Moore, Colleen F.; Miller, Ellie M.; Truell, Kathryn V.

doi:10.1016/j.jort.2021.100415

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This research identified a three-factor structure for self-exempting beliefs by EFA, including SB, BB, and WB. This result aligns with the findings of Kortenkamp et al (2021) . In the factor rotation process, the indicators of “everything causes cancer these days,” “the government would ban tobacco sales if smoking was so bad for you,” and “smoking is no more risky than lots of other things that people do” are easily rotated by the same common factor as indicators of WB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

How do self-exempt beliefs affect intentions to quit smoking? An exploration of the mediating role of threat appraisal and coping appraisal

Zhang,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionNumerous smokers are cognizant of the detrimental effects associated with this habit yet exhibit a persistent reluctance to cease their tobacco consumption. Self-exempt beliefs serve as an obstacle to the cessation of this addictive behavior. This research explored the impact of self-exempt beliefs on the readiness to quit smoking based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) model and the mediating roles of threat appraisal and coping appraisal.MethodsSelf-exempt beliefs, PMT constructs, and the intention to quit smoking constituted the theoretical model. The questionnaires were collected from 488 Chinese adult male smokers based on snowball sampling. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to examine the underlying factor structure of the pre-designed self-exempt beliefs scale. The reliability, validity, path coefficients, and explanatory power of the model were calculated using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).Results and discussionThe results showed that : (1) three common factors (skeptic beliefs, bulletproof beliefs, and “worth it” beliefs) with a total of 11 items were retained after EFA; (2) skeptic beliefs and “worth it” beliefs had a significantly negative effect on both threat appraisal and coping appraisal, while bulletproof beliefs did not; (3) bulletproof beliefs had a significantly positive direct impact on intention to quit, “worth it” beliefs had a significantly negative direct impact on intention, while skeptic beliefs had no significantly direct impact on intention; (4) threat appraisal and coping appraisal positively and significantly predicted cessation intention; and (5) threat appraisal and coping appraisal, as two main cognitive processes, acted as full mediations between skeptic beliefs and the intention to quit, as complementary partial mediations between “worth it” beliefs and the intention, and as non-mediation between bulletproof beliefs and the intention. Our findings suggest that efforts to undermine or “prevent” these self-exempt beliefs, particularly “worth it” and skeptic beliefs, may be an effective tactic for health communication interventions for quitting smoking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

How do self-exempt beliefs affect intentions to quit smoking? An exploration of the mediating role of threat appraisal and coping appraisal

Zhang,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…On the other hand, as can be seen in the structure of co-authored research, the number of authors and networks still have much room for development [ 15 , 22 ]. Here it can be hypothesized that with more consolidated networks it would be possible at the same time to bring together scholarly efforts that today are more dispersed, making them more difficult to identify and categorize [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 84 , 85 ]. The groups of authors that persist over time are limited, and this is evident from the results in Figure 3 and Figure 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through this type of tourism it is also possible to obtain resources and mechanisms for environmental protection, in order to extend the natural conservation of a particular area. Although it is important to ensure optimal implementation, as there is also the risk of devastating the environment and destroying the natural capital in order to attract visitors [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientometric Analysis of Hiking Tourism and Its Relevance for Wellbeing and Knowledge Management

Acevedo-Duque

Llanos-Herrera

García-Salirrosas

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Hiking is a sports activity that takes place in the natural environment. From the point of view of well-being, it is an aerobic activity that prevents and improves cardiovascular diseases. According to data provided by the United Nations, within the framework of the International Year of Mountains, mountain tourism represents around 15% to 20% of total world tourism revenue. This approach aims to critically analyze the scientific production on trail tourism (HT) with contributions from authors from around the world from 1991 to 2022, in order to respond to the connection between this research, knowledge management and the sustainable development of the industry. Key knowledge contributions are examined using a scientometric approach as a method (spatial, production, impact, and relational) based on registry data stored in the Web of Science (JCR and ESCI). Regarding the results, there has been an increase in scientific production in the last decade, which is manifested in the quality of the publications.

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“…Hikers' technical equipment and the importance of mountaineering education have been studied, mostly in relation to safety and preparation for hiking (Rochat et al, 2019;Zürcher et al, 2020;Arts et al, 2021;Daniel et al, 2021). An interesting study highlights the importance of knowing, correctly understanding, and following instructions such as warnings (Kortenkamp et al, 2021), which reminds us that even provided precise information is not necessarily followed by hikers. However, several studies emphasise the importance of local, precise measurements about the sections of the trails (Leung & Marion, 1999;Ólafsdóttir & Runnström, 2013;Tomczyk & Ewertowski, 2013;Kanoulas et al, 2019;Zürcher et al, 2020;Eagleston & Marion, 2020) to obtain reliable information and make relevant decisions about hiking.…”

Section: Mountain Trails and Hiking In Research: The Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the basics of mountain trail categorisation: case study in Slovenia

Krevs¹,

Repe²,

Mazej³

2023

EJG

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Mountain trail categorisation remains an important piece of information for hikers when selecting a trail and preparing for a hike, despite new developments in trail difficulty assessment and trail recommendation systems and tools. National or regional trail categorisations should maintain a simple, mainly descriptive form to remain a useful guide for the majority of hikers. However, they are often still based on subjective expert assessments of trail difficulty. In this paper, we combine findings from our own empirical research and from the literature to support two arguments: available or obtainable geographical information and GIS -based methods can contribute to the objectivity of mountain trail categorisation, and improved categorisation contributes to increased hiking safety. An experimental GIS-based categorisation of mountain trails in two areas in Slovenia is conducted to support the above arguments. The comparison of the experimental categorisation with the existing official categorisation and the identification of potentially dangerous trail sections support perhaps the most important of the two arguments, namely the potential to improve hiking safety. However, it also stimulates further discussion on the establishment and implementation of an international standard-isation of trail categorisation.

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DANGER! NO HIKING! Risky hiking decisions, framing of normative warning messages, and self-exempting beliefs

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

How do self-exempt beliefs affect intentions to quit smoking? An exploration of the mediating role of threat appraisal and coping appraisal

How do self-exempt beliefs affect intentions to quit smoking? An exploration of the mediating role of threat appraisal and coping appraisal

Scientometric Analysis of Hiking Tourism and Its Relevance for Wellbeing and Knowledge Management

Reconsidering the basics of mountain trail categorisation: case study in Slovenia

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