Damselfly eggs alter their development rate in the presence of an invasive alien cue but not a native predator cue

Antoł, Andrzej; Śniegula, Szymon

doi:10.1002/ece3.7729

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…For example, exposure to the native dragonfly cue increased the growth rate independently of the latitude of origin [ 31 ]. Exposure to the invasive alien spiny-cheek crayfish cue reduced the egg development time compared with exposure to cues from other native and nonnative predator species [ 39 ]. Hence, the use of the spiny-cheek crayfish may lead to different responses in coping with the predator cue, which might depend on damselfly co-occurrence with the more or less phylogenetically related predator species [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the use of the spiny-cheek crayfish may lead to different responses in coping with the predator cue, which might depend on damselfly co-occurrence with the more or less phylogenetically related predator species [ 40 ]. Thus, shorter development time in central-latitude individuals may be part of an avoidance strategy to reduce the time of exposure prior to emergence to their nonnative aquatic predator, but at the cost of having a lower mass [ 39 , 41 ]. Regarding larval size, some studies on other damselfly species found positive correlations between body size and swimming speed as a way to escape predators [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of temperature and invasive alien predator on genetic and phenotypic variation in the damselfly Ischnura elegans: cross-latitude comparison

et al. 2023

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Background Understanding and predicting how organisms respond to human-caused environmental changes has become a major concern in conservation biology. Here, we linked gene expression and phenotypic data to identify candidate genes underlying existing phenotypic trait differentiation under individual and combined environmental variables. For this purpose, we used the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Egg clutches from replicated high- (southern Sweden) and central-latitude (southern Poland) populations facing different degrees of seasonal time constraints were collected. Damselfly larvae were exposed to experimental treatments: current and mild warming temperatures crossed with the presence or absence of an invasive alien predator cue released by the spiny-cheek crayfish, Faxonius limosus, which is only present in Poland to date. We measured the following traits: larval development time, body size, mass and growth rate, and used the larvae for gene expression analysis by RNA-seq. Data were analysed using a multivariate approach. Results We showed latitudinal differences in coping with mild warming and predator cues. When exposed to an increased temperature and a predator cue, central-latitude individuals had the shortest development and the fastest growth compared to high-latitude individuals. There was a general effect of predator cues regarding mass and growth rate reduction independent of latitude. Transcriptome analysis revealed that metabolic pathways related to larval anatomy and development tended to be upregulated in response to mild warming but only in fast-growing central-latitude individuals. Metabolic pathways linked to oxidative stress tended to be downregulated in response to a predator cue, especially in central-latitude individuals. Conclusion Different phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to environmental factors might be attributed to the variability in I. elegans life history strategies between the two latitudes caused by seasonal time constraints and to its coexistence with the invasive alien predator in nature. By providing insights into how organisms may respond to future anthropogenic changes, our results may be of particular interest in conservation biology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature and invasive alien predator on genetic and phenotypic variation in the damselfly Ischnura elegans: cross-latitude comparison

et al. 2023

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“…Antagonistic interactions can change larval behavior to avoid predation 32 . Previous studies showed that life history traits in damselflies are altered by non-consumptive predator stress 33 , 53 , 64 , 82 – 84 and temperature 53 , 85 , 86 . But in these studies, the focus was on predator stress on the egg stage or on individually reared larvae, thereby precluding cannibalism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming and predation risk only weakly shape size-mediated priority effects in a cannibalistic damselfly

Raczyński

Stoks²,

Śniegula³

2022

Sci Rep

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Differences in hatching dates can shape intraspecific interactions through size-mediated priority effects (SMPE), a phenomenon where bigger, early hatched individuals gain advantage over smaller, late hatched ones. However, it remains unclear to what extent and how SMPE are affected by key environmental factors such as warming and predation risk imposed by top predators. We studied effects of warming (low and high temperature) and predation risk (presence and absence of predator cues of perch) on SMPE in life history and physiological traits in the cannibalistic damselfly Ischnura elegans. We induced SMPE in the laboratory by manipulating hatching dates, creating following groups: early and late hatchlings reared in separate containers, and mixed phenology groups where early and late hatchlings shared the same containers. We found strong SMPE for survival and emergence success, with the highest values in early larvae of mixed phenology groups and the lowest values in late larvae of mixed phenology groups. Neither temperature nor predator cues affected SMPE for these two traits. The other life history traits (development rate and mass at emergence) did not show SMPE, but were affected by temperature and predator cues. A tendency for SMPE was found for protein content, in the high temperature treatment. The other physiological traits (phenoloxidase activity and fat content) showed fixed expressions across treatments, indicating decoupling between physiology and life history. The results underline that SMPEs are trait-dependent, and only weakly or not affected by temperature and predation risk.

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“…A combination of stressors may change a strategy in potential prey to escape predator exposure (Warkentin, 2011). Here, an accelerated larval growth in the presence of a predator cue under heat wave may be part of an escape strategy to reduce the time of exposure to predators, as previously shown in odonate species (Antoł & Sniegula, 2021;Stoks et al, 2012) and other taxa (Chivers et al, 2001).…”

Section: Effects On Individual Traitsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Latitude-specific urbanization effects on life history traits in the damselflyIschnura elegans

Palomar

Wos

Stoks

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Many species are currently adapting to cities at different latitudes. Adaptation to urbanization may require eco-evolutionary changes in response to temperature and invasive species that may differ between latitudes.Here, we studied single and combined effects of increased temperatures and invasive alien predator presence on the phenotypic response of replicated urban and rural populations of the damselflyIschnura elegansand contrasted these between central and high latitudes.Larvae were exposed to temperature treatments (current [20 ºC], mild warming [24 ºC], and heat wave [28 ºC; for high latitude only]) crossed with the presence or absence of chemical cues released by the spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus), only present at the central latitude. We measured treatment effects on larval development time, mass, and growth rate.Urbanization type affected all life history traits, yet these responses were often dependent on latitude, temperature, and sex. Mild warming decreased mass in rural and increased growth rate in urban populations. The effects of urbanization on mass were latitude-dependent, with central-latitude populations having a greater phenotypic difference. Urbanization effects were sex-specific with urban males being lighter and having a lower growth rate than rural males. At the current temperature and mild warming, the predator cue reduced the growth rate, and this independently of urbanization level and latitude of origin. This pattern was reversed during a heat wave in high-latitude damselflies.Our results highlight the context-dependency of evolutionary and plastic responses to urbanisation, and caution for generalizing how populations respond to cities based on populations at a single latitude.

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Damselfly eggs alter their development rate in the presence of an invasive alien cue but not a native predator cue

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

The effect of temperature and invasive alien predator on genetic and phenotypic variation in the damselfly Ischnura elegans: cross-latitude comparison

The effect of temperature and invasive alien predator on genetic and phenotypic variation in the damselfly Ischnura elegans: cross-latitude comparison

Warming and predation risk only weakly shape size-mediated priority effects in a cannibalistic damselfly

Latitude-specific urbanization effects on life history traits in the damselflyIschnura elegans

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