Damping effects of excitation control in load-frequency control system

Moorthi, V.R.; Aggarwal, R.P.

doi:10.1049/piee.1974.0293

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A plant response time is designed using linear optimal control theory and its effect on the closed loop poles is investigated in [198]. A more realistic LFC model is developed in [24] under different load conditions by considering the excitation system for voltage regulation and optimal responses. In [199], a survey of optimal linear regulator theory and its application for LFC is presented.…”

Section: Optimal Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overview of LFC and AGC systems in two-area power systems is presented in [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Tie-lines models and their effects on LFC of two-area power systems are studied in [22,23].…”

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tie-lines models and their effects on LFC of two-area power systems are studied in [22,23]. The LFC models for two-area power systems considering the effects of voltage control loops in the frequency response are developed in [24,30]. In [26][27][28], frequency response models for two-area power systems considering governor dead-band (GDB) and the generation rate constraints (GRC) nonlinearities are suggested.…”

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [22,23,30,31], load frequency control schemes for thermal-thermal two-area power system taking into account the delay in communication channels are proposed. A frequency model of reheat thermal turbine with governor dead-band zone in two area power systems is marked out in [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In [34][35][36], GRC non-linearity is considered for reheat thermal turbine-governor system in two-area power systems.…”

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2018

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Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed. Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled. To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems. Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance. Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches. In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC. In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems. Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups. The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC.Energies 2018, 11, 2497 2 of 35 before triggering the under/over frequency protection relays. The primary frequency control is usually implemented by the governor droop which results in steady stated errors. The secondary frequency control, which is called load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC), is responsible for regulating the frequency in power systems and has two main goals: (i) maintaining the frequency into a desirable range; and (ii) controlling the interchange power through major tie-lines between the different control areas. The main task of tertiary control level is re-dispatching generating units and ancillary reserve after a sever disturbance.With increasing the penetration level of renewable resources such as wind farms and photovoltaic plants in power systems, the uncertainties of active power production is highly increased, thus determining frequency variations. Such increase in active power fluctuation, beside the demand stochasticity, the frequency of power system would be highly oscillated. Therefore, future power systems need more robust and optimal LFC approaches that can handle such problems.Many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in interconnected power systems. These approaches can be categorized into four groups: (i) classical control approaches focus on designing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for controlling the frequency and tie-lines power flows; (ii) modern control approaches including optimal control method, sliding mode control schemes, and adaptive control systems; (iii) intelligent control schemes, such as fuzzy control systems; and (iv) soft computing-based approaches for controllers' parameter tuning which had a considerable attention from researchers in the last decade. Survey MethodologySeveral methodologies can be followed for conduc...

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Section: Optimal Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual-area Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2018

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“…These include both optimal and suboptimal strategies. [1][2][3][4][5] In the last couple of years, intensive research has been undertaken to develop power system stabilizers (PSS).6 -These stabilizers, or compensators as they are sometimes called, shift the poles or eigenvalues of the linearized system model in an appropriate manner in order to overcome the effect of the negative damping introduced by the excitation system. Although the use of PSS has taken care of the basic instability problem, it was recognized that the enhancement of both dynamic and transient stability through excitation control required further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A strategy for power system stabilization by control‐effort and response‐time minimization

Rahim

Gourishankar

1986

Optim Control Appl Methods

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A method is described for deriving a quasi-optimal feedback control scheme for stabilizing power systems. This is achieved by minimizing a functional which is a linear combination of response time and control effort. The transient response of a power system obtained using this control strategy is found to be superior to that achieved with a controller based on a linear regulator approach. This scheme, in a slightly modified form, is easily implemented in practice. The modification does not affect the effectiveness of the scheme to control transients. Simulation results are included.KEY WORDS Electric power system stabilization Reduced-order models Quasi-optimal feedback control Minimum response time and control effort

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Impact of demand management with load frequency control in distribution network with high penetration of renewable energy sources

Ranjitha¹,

Sivakumar²,

Rajapandiyan³

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Renewable sources are deployed to meet the growing needs of the energy demand. Integration of these renewable sources in a power system leads to increased complexity due to which it is essential to adapt new control strategies to retain system stability by preserving frequency in a nominal value. Therefore, the objective of the work is to control the load frequency of an interconnected hybrid (wind, solar, thermal) power system by optimizing generator cost while implementing the demand management technique. Deviation in the frequency and tie‐line power due to fluctuation of renewable energy sources and load is addressed. For cost optimization, demand management technique was applied to the distribution system comprising flexible loads such as electric vehicle and heat pump. Voltage constraints and network congestion in the system are considered. The cascaded control technique is proposed for load frequency control and firefly based controller for cost optimization in the thermal power system. In the cascaded controller, proportional integral derivative (PID) and atom search optimization algorithm‐tuned PID controller are recommended. Performance of the projected approach is compared with a PID controller and fuzzy logic controller‐based load frequency control. Simulation studies and the result of various test cases considered clearly show the effectiveness of the controller implemented in the proposed system.

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Damping effects of excitation control in load-frequency control system

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

A strategy for power system stabilization by control‐effort and response‐time minimization

Impact of demand management with load frequency control in distribution network with high penetration of renewable energy sources

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