Damage signal induced by Bacillus thuringiensis infection triggers immune responses via a DAMP molecule in lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua

Hrithik, Md Tafim Hossain; Ahmed, Shabbir; Kim, Yonggyun

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2022.104559

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…ROS are one of the most important molecular effectors in the regulation of insect gut immune responses. Upon infection by a pathogenic bacterium, dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) is released to the hemocoel, and then DSP1 activates phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to produce eicosanoids [ 119 , 120 ]. In Lepidopterans, activated PLA2 also increases the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and subsequently increases Ca 2+ signal in the gut [ 119 , 120 ].…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon infection by a pathogenic bacterium, dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) is released to the hemocoel, and then DSP1 activates phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to produce eicosanoids [ 119 , 120 ]. In Lepidopterans, activated PLA2 also increases the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and subsequently increases Ca 2+ signal in the gut [ 119 , 120 ]. Meanwhile, eicosanoids activate DUOX [ 43 , 121 ], which promotes the generation of ROS ( Figure 2 ) [ 119 , 120 ].…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Lepidopterans, activated PLA2 also increases the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and subsequently increases Ca 2+ signal in the gut [ 119 , 120 ]. Meanwhile, eicosanoids activate DUOX [ 43 , 121 ], which promotes the generation of ROS ( Figure 2 ) [ 119 , 120 ]. Infection with BtK or Bt toxins can induce the upregulation of ROS in the gut lumen [ 43 , 122 ].…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, when insects were exposed to Bt , a functional binding between the Bt toxin and its receptors (cadherin or ABCC) in the midgut epithelium triggered a damage signal. This phenomenon promoted DSP1 release into the hemocoel and then activated PLA2, which upregulated the expression of Repat33 (response to pathogen) inducing the immune response and counteracting Bt and Bt toxins ( Figure 2 ) [ 119 , 120 ].…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Xiao

Yao

Bai

et al. 2023

Insects

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the safest, economically successful entomopathogen to date. It is extensively produced in transgenic crops or used in spray formulations to control Lepidopteran pests. The most serious threat to the sustainable usage of Bt is insect resistance. The resistance mechanisms to Bt toxins depend not only on alterations in insect receptors, but also on the enhancement of insect immune responses. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the immune response and resistance of insects to Bt formulations and Bt proteins, mainly in Lepidopteran pests. We discuss the pattern recognition proteins for recognizing Bt, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic signaling pathways, the prophenoloxidase system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nodulation, encapsulation, phagocytosis, and cell-free aggregates, which are involved in immune response reactions or resistance to Bt. This review also analyzes immune priming, which contributes to the evolution of insect resistance to Bt, and puts forward strategies to improve the insecticidal activity of Bt formulations and manage insect resistance, targeting the insect immune responses and resistance.

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Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Xiao

Yao

Bai

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…The fat body produces various immune-associated proteins including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and phenoloxidase (PO) to induce melanization [26]. In addition, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) has been identified in pathogen recognition in insects that plays a crucial role in triggering gut immunity by discriminating between pathogen and commensal microbes [27]. Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1), which is encoded in insects, is an ortholog of the vertebrate high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) by the sharing of two HMG box motifs, but it possesses a unique N-terminal extension compared to HMGB1 [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-vectoring thrips regulate the excessive multiplication of tomato spotted wilt virus using their antiviral immune responses

Mandal,

Khan,

Kil

et al. 2024

Journal of General Virology

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The tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a member of the Tospoviridae family and has an negative/ambisense single-stranded RNA genome. Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa are known to be dominant pests in Capsicum annuum (hot pepper) and can cause damage to the plant either directly by feeding, or indirectly by transmitting TSWV in a persistent and propagative manner, resulting in serious economic damage. This study compared the immune responses of two different thrips species against TSWV infection by transcriptome analysis, which then allowed the assessment of antiviral responses using RNA interference (RNAi). Both adult thrips shared about 90 % of the transcripts in non-viruliferous conditions. Most signal components of the immune pathways were shared by these two thrips species, and their expression levels fluctuated differentially in response to TSWV infection at early immature stages. The functional assays using RNAi treatments indicated that the Toll and JAK/STAT pathways were associated with the antiviral responses, but the IMD pathway was not. The upregulation of dorsal switch protein one supported its physiological role in recognizing TSWV infection and triggering the eicosanoid biosynthetic pathway, which mediates melanization and apoptosis in thrips. In addition, the signal components of the RNAi pathways fluctuated highly after TSWV infection. Individual RNAi treatments specific to the antiviral signalling and response components led to significant increases in the TSWV amount in the thrips, causing virus-induced mortality. These findings suggest that immune signalling pathways leading to antiviral responses are operating in the thrips to regulate TSWV litres to prevent a fatal viral overload. This study also indicates the differential antiviral responses between the TSWV-transmitting F. occidentalis and F. intonsa.

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Biocontrol potential of Bacillus spp. for resilient and sustainable agricultural systems

Prasad,

Sharma,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

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Damage signal induced by Bacillus thuringiensis infection triggers immune responses via a DAMP molecule in lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Virus-vectoring thrips regulate the excessive multiplication of tomato spotted wilt virus using their antiviral immune responses

Biocontrol potential of Bacillus spp. for resilient and sustainable agricultural systems

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