Damage Identification in Cement-Based Structures: A Method Based on Modal Curvatures and Continuous Wavelet Transform

Abstract

Modal analysis is an effective tool in the context of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) since the dynamic characteristics of cement-based structures reflect the structural health status of the material itself. The authors consider increasing level load tests on concrete beams and propose a methodology for damage identification relying on the computation of modal curvatures combined with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to highlight damage-related changes. Unlike most literature studies, in the present work, no numerical models of the undamaged structure were exploited. Moreover, the authors defined synthetic damage indices depicting the status of a structure. The results show that the I mode shape is the most sensitive to damages; indeed, considering this mode, damages cause a decrease of natural vibration frequency (up to approximately −67%), an increase of loss factor (up to approximately fivefold), and changes in the mode shapes morphology (a cuspid appears). The proposed damage indices are promising, even if the level of damage is not clearly distinguishable, probably because tests were performed after the load removal. Further investigations are needed to scale the methodology to in-field applications.

Detecting Multiple Damages in UHPFRC Beams through Modal Curvature Analysis

“…Cosoli et al [29] employed the modal curvature-based damage index and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for damage identification in cement-based beams subjected to loading from bending tests. Following each loading level, an impact test was performed to assess the behavior of the concrete elements.…”

“…New damage identification indices have been proposed that improve diagnostics in the presence of multiple zones of damage by combining damage indices from multiple modes [34][35][36]. The proposed methods are extensions of curvature-based damage identification methods [29] that combine modal curvature methods with spatial smoothing procedures to mitigate the effect of noise from measurements. Noise is magnified when calculating the second derivative of mode shapes, which reduces the effectiveness of defect detection methods.…”