Damage-Controlled Structures. I: Preliminary Design Methodology for Seismically Active Regions

Connor, Jerome J.; Wada, Akira; Iwata, Mamoru; Huang, Y. Henry

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1997)123:4(423)

Cited by 74 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…A structure is considered to resist an earthquake ground motion provided that the energy input to the structure from the earthquake is lower than its energy absorption capacity. Following this, the EBD concept as well as the determination of elastic and/or hysteretic energy distributions were examined for MDOF systems (Berg and Thomaides, 1960;Penzien, 1960;Zahrah and Hall, 1982;Akiyama, 1985;Nakamura and Yamane, 1986;Léger and Dussault, 1992;Rodriguez, 1994;Nakashima et al, 1996;Connor et al, 1997). Chou and Uang (2003) presented a procedure for the distribution of seismic energy demand over the floors of a MDOF system solely by modal superposition of energy shapes, which are established from a static pushover analysis.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Energy-Based Structural Design Optimization Concept under Seismic Actions

Papazafeiropoulos

Plevris

Papadrakakis

2017

Front. Built Environ.

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A new optimization concept is introduced which involves the optimization of non-linear planar shear buildings by using gradients based on equivalent linear structures, instead of the traditional practice of calculating the gradients from the non-linear objective function. The optimization problem is formulated as an equivalent linear system of equations in which a target fundamental eigenfrequency and equal dissipated energy distribution within the storeys of the building are the components of the objective function. The concept is applied in a modified Newton-Raphson algorithm in order to find the optimum stiffness distribution of two representative linear or non-linear MDOF shear buildings, so that the distribution of viscously damped and hysteretically dissipated energy, respectively, over the structural height is uniform. A number of optimization results are presented in which the effect of the earthquake excitation, the critical modal damping ratio, and the normalized yield inter-storey drift limit on the optimum stiffness distributions is studied. Structural design based on the proposed approach is more rational and technically feasible compared to other optimization strategies (e.g., uniform ductility concept), whereas it is expected to provide increased protection against global collapse and loss of life during strong earthquake events. Finally, it is proven that the new optimization concept not only reduces running times by as much as 91% compared to the classical optimization algorithms but also can be applied in other optimization algorithms which use gradient information to proceed to the optimum point.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Energy-Based Structural Design Optimization Concept under Seismic Actions

Papazafeiropoulos

Plevris

Papadrakakis

2017

Front. Built Environ.

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“…One alternative that has attracted the focus of current investigations is the use of structural fuses. This structural fuse retrofit concept consists of integrating replaceable components in the main structural system in such a way to restrict the damage undergoing for the primary structure after a damaging earthquake (Connor et al 1997). The replaceable elements are designed to take the earthquakeinduced energy and dissipate it through nonlinear hysteretic behavior, meanwhile, the remaining structure is expected to behave elastically.…”

Section: Structural Fuse Retrofit Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridge Seismic Retrofit Measures Considering Subduction Zone Earthquakes

Dusicka¹,

Bazaez²,

Knoles³

2015

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Research was conducted to investigate the effect of subduction zone earthquakes on structural damage. The study suggests that large magnitude ground motions of long duration have the potential of significantly increasing the number of inelastic excursions and consequently incur more extensive structural damage as compared to ground motions with similar elastic spectral demands but of shorter duration. This increase in demand plays a crucial role in the Pacific Northwest where a mega subduction zone earthquake is impending. Typical reinforced concrete bridge bents constructed in the 1950 to mid-1970 in the State of Oregon were designed and built with minimum seismic considerations. This resulted in inadequate detailing within plastic hinge zones, leaving numerous RC bents highly susceptible to damage following an earthquake. In this study, the cyclic performance of an asbuilt RC square column and a reinforced concrete bridge bent retrofitted using buckling restrained braces (BRBs) was experimentally evaluated using quasi-static cyclic loading protocols aiming to reflect subduction zone earthquake demands up to displacement ductility. The buckling restrained braces were designed as replaceable elements in order to take the earthquake-induced energy and dissipate it through nonlinear hysteretic behavior. Two BRB designs were considered in the study in an effort to assess the influence of BRB stiffness on the overall structural performance. The results of these large-scale experiments successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing buckling restrained braces for achieving high displacement ductility of the retrofitted structure, while also controlling the damage of the existing vulnerable reinforced concrete bent up to the design performance levels. The potential of improving the overall seismic behavior and the design performance levels with BRBs offers structural design professionals a viable method for performance driven retrofit of reinforced concrete bents. 17. Key Words Subduction zone earthquakes, reinforced concrete bridge bents, plastic hinge zone, performance levels, bridge seismic retrofit, quasi-static loading protocol, buckling restrained braces.18. Distribution Statement: Copies available from NTIS, and online at

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“…Compared with the concept of damage-reduction seismic design, recently related important seismic design ideas, such as structural control design (Housner et al, 1997;Soong and Spencer, 2002), damage-controlled design (Wada et al, 1992;Wada and Huang, 1995;Connor et al, 1997), and the structural fuse (Midorikawa et al, 2006;Fortney et al, 2007;Vargas and Bruneau, 2009;Wada et al, 2009;El-Bahey and Bruneau, 2011;Deierlein et al, 2011) or other replaceable elements (Shen et al, 2011) are emerging trends in performance based seismic design. Wada et al (1992) fi rst proposed the strategy of damage-controlled design, integrating structural system and energy transformation devices in a way so that the damage is restricted to a specifi c set of elements that can be readily repaired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic design or retrofit of buildings with metallic structural fuses by the damage-reduction spectrum

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib.

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Recently, the structural fuse has become an important issue in the fi eld of earthquake engineering. Due to the trilinearity of the pushover curve of buildings with metallic structural fuses, the mechanism of the structural fuse is investigated through the ductility equation of a single-degree-of-freedom system, and the corresponding damage-reduction spectrum is proposed to design and retrofi t buildings. Furthermore, the controlling parameters, the stiffness ratio between the main frame and structural fuse and the ductility factor of the main frame, are parametrically studied, and it is shown that the structural fuse concept can be achieved by specifi c combinations of the controlling parameters based on the proposed damage-reduction spectrum. Finally, a design example and a retrofi t example, variations of real engineering projects after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedures using buckling restrained braces as the structural fuses.

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Damage-Controlled Structures. I: Preliminary Design Methodology for Seismically Active Regions

Cited by 74 publications

References 1 publication

A New Energy-Based Structural Design Optimization Concept under Seismic Actions

A New Energy-Based Structural Design Optimization Concept under Seismic Actions

Bridge Seismic Retrofit Measures Considering Subduction Zone Earthquakes

Seismic design or retrofit of buildings with metallic structural fuses by the damage-reduction spectrum

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