Damage by Larvae of the Corn Earworm to Grain Sorghum12

Kinzer, H. G.; Henderson, C. F.

doi:10.1093/jee/61.1.263

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…He emphasised that, although the line was possibly curved for very low or very high populations of borers, it was straight for the range of populations that was of practical concern. Many other authors have calculated linear regressions of yield on pest numbers, injuries or injured plants (e.g., Bardner, Maskell & Ross, 1970;Buckley & Burkhardt, 1962;Deay et al, 1949;Gould & Graham, 1969;Kinzer & Henderson, 1968;Rautapaa, 1966Rautapaa, , 1968aRautapaa, ,6, 1969Rautapaa, , 1970Wilson et al, 1969). It is common practice to estimate the yield of unattacked crops by extrapolating the regression on yield to the point of zero infestation, but this can be seriously misleading if there is an unsuspected threshold level, or the upper part of the line is markedly curved.…”

Section: Number Of Insects or Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect infestations and their effects on the growth and yield of field crops: a review

Bardner

Fletcher

1974

Bull. Entomol. Res.

149

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A knowledge of the often complex relationship between insect populations and their effects on the yield-forming processes of crops is useful for assessing pest status and for devising methods of minimising the effects of infestation on yield. After a preliminary section on definition of terms, consideration is given to ways in which insects injure plants and crops, particularly annual crops. Investigations into the yield-forming processes of unattacked crops can often provide useful insights into the likely effect of insect injuries on yield. The differences between the characteristics of individuals and populations are discussed, both of insects attacking plants, and plants responding to the attacks of insects. The distribution of insects on plants and on crops and the effect that this has on damage is considered, as is the time and duration of the attack in relation to the growth cycle of the crop. The components of plant resistance to insect attack are then discussed, especially tolerance and the various ways in which plants and crops compensate for injury. The review concludes with an examination of the quantitative relationships between numbers of insects or injuries and their effects on yield. The generalised response is a sigmoid curve relating an upper and lower plateau of yield where changes in the numbers of insects or injuries have little effect. Most relationships conform to some part of this curve, though few show all its features.

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Section: Number Of Insects or Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect infestations and their effects on the growth and yield of field crops: a review

Bardner

Fletcher

1974

Bull. Entomol. Res.

149

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“…Most of the damage to sorghum is caused by late-instar larvae (Kinzer & Henderson, 1968) so that, as long as the virus is sprayed early in an infestation, the larvae will be killed before they do significant damage. Early-instar larvae can be killed by lower concentrations and with shorter incubation periods than late-instar larvae (Daoust, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field trials with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Bacillus thuringiensis against larvae of Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) on sorghum and cotton in Botswana

Roome¹

1975

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Six trials with an unpurified suspension of Heliothis armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) against Heliothis armigera (Hb.) larvae on sorghum (five trials) and on cotton (one trial) during 1971-73 are described. Commercial preparations of H. zea NPV and of Bacillus thwingiensis were included in two of the trials. H. armigera NPV was as successful as a standard insecticide in preventing losses of sorghum in one trial. Lowering the rate of NPV reduced the control of H. armigera larvae. There was no difference in control achieved by spraying in the morning or in the evening. Spraying every second or every third row (relying on natural spread of the< virus) reduced control. Low concentrations of molasses (0-6%) made control by 100 larval equivalents (L.E.) per hectare as good as that by 200 L.E. per hectare without molasses. Neither the commercial H. zea NPV nor the Bacillus preparation was as effective as the local virus. The local virus was reasonably effective against H. armigera on cotton at very high rates and with molasses. It was not as damaging as carbaryl to populations of egg parasites and predators, but the predators did not control damaging populations of aphid and Jassid on the virus-sprayed plots.

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“…During peak moth activity and subsequent larval development, sorghum panicles are also progressing through three reproductive stages, which include the flowering, soft-dough, and hard-dough stages ( Vanderlip 1993 ; Stichler et al 1997 ). Soft-dough stage sorghum is most vulnerable to third to sixth instar H. zea feeding, which accounts for 95% of the damage observed in the field ( Kinzer and Henderson 1968 ). Kinzer and Henderson ( 1968 ) also found that first and second H. zea instars preferred flowering sorghum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soft-dough stage sorghum is most vulnerable to third to sixth instar H. zea feeding, which accounts for 95% of the damage observed in the field ( Kinzer and Henderson 1968 ). Kinzer and Henderson ( 1968 ) also found that first and second H. zea instars preferred flowering sorghum. Consequently, sorghum phenology plays a key role in determining yield loss relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kansas sorghum, current management guidelines for headworm infestations urge growers to balance market values with treatment costs prior to making a treatment decision ( Michaud et al 2010 ), which is based on previous bioeconomic models developed by Buckley and Burkhardt ( 1962 ) and Kinzer and Henderson ( 1968 ). Individual H. zea larvae cause approximately 6% grain damage per larva ( Buckley and Burkhardt 1962 ; Kinzer and Henderson 1968 ), resulting in an economic threshold of 1 to 2 larvae per panicle ( Teetes and Pendleton 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorghum Seed Maturity Affects the Weight and Feeding Duration of Immature Corn Earworm,Helicoverpa zea, and Fall Armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda, in the Laboratory

Soper

Whitworth

2013

Journal of Insect Science

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Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, are occasional pests in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poales: Poaceae), and can be economically damaging when conditions are favorable. Despite the frequent occurrence of mixed-species infestations, the quantitative data necessary for developing yield loss relationships for S. frugiperda are not available. Although these species share similar biological characteristics, it is unknown whether their damage potentials in developing grain sorghum panicles are the same. Using no-choice feeding assays in the laboratory, this study examined larval growth and feeding duration for H. zea and S. frugiperda in the absence of competition. Each species responded positively when exposed to sorghum seed in the soft-dough stage, supporting evidence for the interactions between host-quality and larval growth and development. The results of this study also confirmed the suitability of using laboratory-reared H. zea to develop sorghum yield loss estimates in the field, and provided insights into the biological responses of S. frugiperda feeding on developing sorghum seed.

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Damage by Larvae of the Corn Earworm to Grain Sorghum12

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Insect infestations and their effects on the growth and yield of field crops: a review

Insect infestations and their effects on the growth and yield of field crops: a review

Field trials with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Bacillus thuringiensis against larvae of Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) on sorghum and cotton in Botswana

Sorghum Seed Maturity Affects the Weight and Feeding Duration of Immature Corn Earworm,Helicoverpa zea, and Fall Armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda, in the Laboratory

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