“…However, timely information about floodwater depth is important for directing rescue and relief resources, determination of road closures and accessibility, and post-event analysis of property damage (Islam and Sadu, 2001;Nadal et al, 2009). Hydraulic models, for example, HEC-RAS (USACE, 2017), Delft3D (Deltares, 2017), MIKE FLOOD (DHI Technologies, 2017), and LISFLOOD-FP (Bates and De Roo, 2000), are commonly used to simulate flooding events (e.g., Horritt and Bates, 2002;Haile and Rientjes, 2005;Kia et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2016). Although these tools can simulate water depths, they require information about the event hydrological characteristics and riverine morphology.…”