Dam Breach Size Comparison for Flood Simulations. A HEC-RAS Based, GIS Approach for Drăcșani Lake, Sitna River, Romania

Albu, Liviu-Marian; Enea, Andrei; Iosub, Marina; Breaban, Iuliana Gabriela

doi:10.3390/w12041090

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Scenarios for Hypothetical Collapse of Makhul Dam. Many authors have simulated the effects of flood waves resulting from the collapse of dams [26], but who simulated the response of protection dam to the hypothetical collapse flood wave are limited, the present study simulates the response of Al-Fat'ha dam to the hypothetical flood wave resulting from the collapse of Mosul dam. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were separated for the reservoir location, and a geometric analysis was performed.…”

Section: Relationship Of Water Level With Reservoir Capacity (Negative Volume)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Geometric Elements for the Proposed Protecting Dam Reservoir in Al-Fat'ha Area, Iraq

2021

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Partially constructed Makhul dam may collapse after the operation due to the geological and geotechnical background of the foundations zone, and the presence of gypsum layers in this zone, Then the construction of Al-Fat'ha protection dam is one of the proposed solutions. The present study used the geometric analysis method to investigate the ability of Al-Fat'ha planned protecting dam to reduce the disasters of Makhul dam break. The new methodology used to derive the geometric elements of the two dams, and analyze the relations between these elements, and then exam the behavior of Al-Fat'ha proposed dam with and without the studied collapse scenarios. Fourteen collapse scenarios suggested for Makhul dam, from the level 140 m above sea level (a.s.l), to the maximum possible flood level 152 m (a.s.l). A mathematical model was derived to predict the level achieved as a response of cumulative storage in the protecting dam reservoir when the collapse of the Makhul dam occurred. The maximum level in the protecting dam reservoir to face the worst collapse scenario is 147 m (a.s.l), when the corresponding accumulated storage in the reservoir is 3414305769 m3. The results of the geometric analysis indicate that the optimum operating level for Al-Fat'ha dam in the operating conditions without Makhul dam collapse is 118.5 m (a.s.l), which corresponds to the capacity (39243587) m3. The total flooded area between the two dams was calculated for each collapse scenario of Makhul dam; it is about 44 km2 for the worst scenario when nine villages on reservoir banks will submerge. Subsequently, the study confirmed the ability of Al-Fat'ha dam reservoir to contain the direct flood wave caused by the collapse of Makhul dam.

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Section: Relationship Of Water Level With Reservoir Capacity (Negative Volume)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Geometric Elements for the Proposed Protecting Dam Reservoir in Al-Fat'ha Area, Iraq

2021

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“…The flood wave would overlap with normal level water for each reservoir located downstream of the R1. In order to run the unsteady flow analysis with the breach scenario [15,23,25,31,72], six steps were followed: (a) the storage area extent was imported, (b) the dam characteristics were introduced in order to create the dam, (c) the breach parameters were calculated, (d) the subgrid model (mesh) was created, (e) the roughness data were introduced, and (f) the inflow data were set and the computational time was calculated [23,25].…”

Section: Dam Break Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, the most destructive hydrological event due to dam failure occurred on 9 October 1963, on the Erto e Casso River, Italy, when a large landslide produced a 250 m high flood wave which destroyed the Vajont Dam and killed 2600 inhabitants [14]. In Romania, due to the heavy rainfall which occurred in 1991 in the northeastern part of the country, the Belci Dam on the Tazlău River was destroyed by floods that killed 25 people [15]. Overall, according to the last studies related to this topic [16], no matter what triggering agents exist, the embankment dam failure modes can be categorized as either overtopping [17] or piping [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using 2D HEC-RAS Modeling and Embankment Dam Break Scenario for Assessing the Flood Control Capacity of a Multi-Reservoir System (NE Romania)

Urzica

Mihu-Pintilie

Stoleriu

et al. 2020

Water

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Using hydraulic modeling techniques (e.g., one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) hydraulic modeling, dam break scenarios) for extracting the flood settings is an important aspect of any action plan for dam failure (APDF) and flood mitigation strategy. For example, the flood hydraulic models and dam break scenario generated based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) and processed in the dedicated geographic information systems (GIS) and hydraulic modeling software (e.g., HEC-RAS—Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System, developed by USACE HEC, Davis, CA, USA) can improve the flood hazard maps in case of potentially embankment dam failure. In this study, we develop a small-scale conceptual approach using 2D HEC-RAS software according to the three embankment dam break scenarios, LiDAR data (0.5 m spatial resolution), and 2D hydraulic modeling for the Başeu multi-reservoir system which belongs to the Başeu River (NE Romania) including R1—Cal Alb reservoir, R2—Movileni reservoirs, R3—Tătărăşeni reservoirs, R4—Negreni reservoirs, and R5—Hăneşti reservoirs. In order to test the flood control capacity of the Bașeu multi-reservoir system, the Cal Alb (R1) dam break scenario (piping failure) was taken into account. Three 2D stream flow modeling configurations based on R1 inflow rate with a 1% (100 year), 0.5% (500 year), and 0.1% (1000 year) recurrence interval and the water volume which can be accumulated with that specific inflow rate (1% = 10.19 × 106 m3; 0.5% = 12.39 × 106 m3; 0.1% = 17.35 × 106 m3) were computed. The potential flood wave impact was achieved on the basis of different flood severity maps (e.g., flood extent, flood depth, flood velocity, flood hazard) generated for each recurrence interval scenario and highlighted within the built-up area of 27 settlements (S1–S27) located downstream of R1. The results showed that the multi-reservoir system of Bașeu River has an important role in flood mitigation and contributes to the APDF in the context of climate change and the intensification of hydrological hazard manifestation in northeastern Romania.

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“…A considerable reduction in the flow energy because of the interaction of the flood wave with a major topographic obstruction located 15.6 km downstream of the lake minimized the impact of the South Lhonak GLOF. Albu et al [7] used the 2D HEC-RAS model to assess the spatial risk following the theoretical breaching of Sulita Dam on Sitna River, Romania, including backwater flooding, hydromorphometric parameter calculations (flow rates, flood times, depths, and velocity), and affected buildings and damaged land use categories. To confirm the suitability of the 2D HEC-RAS model for dam-break flood studies in steep alpine valleys, a study performed by Pilotti et al [8] for comparing the discharge hydrographs of the 2D HEC-RAS model with those measured in a historical physical model built under Froude's similarity to analyze the consequences of the hypothetical collapse of the Cancano I Dam (northern Italy) and the propagation of the resulting flood wave along a reach of 15 km downstream of Alpine Valley.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D-HEC-RAS Modeling of Flood Wave Propagation in a Semi-Arid Area Due to Dam Overtopping Failure

Karim

Hassan

Abdullah³

et al. 2021

Civ Eng J

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Dam overtopping failure and the resulting floods are hazardous events that highly impact the inundated areas and are less predictable. The simulation of the dam breach failure and the flood wave propagation is necessary for assessing flood hazards to provide precautions. In the present study, a two-dimensional HEC-RAS model was used to simulate the flood wave resulting from the hypothetical failure of Al-Udhaim Dam on Al-Udhaim River, Iraq, and the propagation of the resulting dam-break wave along 100 km downstream the dam site for the overtopping scenario. The main objective is to analyze the propagation of the flood wave so that the failure risk on dam downstream areas can be assessed and emergency plans may be provided. The methodology consisted of two sub-models: the first is the dam breach failure model for deriving the breach hydrograph, and the second is the hydrodynamic model for propagating the flood wave downstream of the dam. The breach hydrograph is used as an upstream boundary condition to derive the flood impact in the downstream reach of Al- Udhaim River. The flood inundation maps were visualized in RAS-Mapper in terms of water surface elevation, water depth, flow velocity, and flood arrival time. The maximum recorded values were: 105 m (a.m.s.l.), 18 m, 5.5 m/s, and, respectively. The flow velocity decreased from upstream to downstream of the terrain, which means less risk of erosion in the far reaches downstream of the study area. The inundation maps indicated that the water depth and flow velocity were categorized as Catastrophic limits on the terrain's area. The results offer a way to predict flood extent and showed that the impact of a potential dam break at Al-Udhiam Dam will be serious, therefore, suitable management is needed to overcome this risk. Moreover, the maps produced by this study are useful for developing plans for sustainable flood management. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091739 Full Text: PDF

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Dam Breach Size Comparison for Flood Simulations. A HEC-RAS Based, GIS Approach for Drăcșani Lake, Sitna River, Romania

Cited by 39 publications

References 46 publications

Study of Geometric Elements for the Proposed Protecting Dam Reservoir in Al-Fat'ha Area, Iraq

Study of Geometric Elements for the Proposed Protecting Dam Reservoir in Al-Fat'ha Area, Iraq

Using 2D HEC-RAS Modeling and Embankment Dam Break Scenario for Assessing the Flood Control Capacity of a Multi-Reservoir System (NE Romania)

2D-HEC-RAS Modeling of Flood Wave Propagation in a Semi-Arid Area Due to Dam Overtopping Failure

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