Daldinia concentrica versus Daldinia vernicosa

Whalley, A.J.S.; Watling, Roy

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(80)80170-7

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…(Xylariales) though it also occurs occasionally on F. sylvatica in the south and commonly on Betula spp. in the north (Whalley & Watling ). Johannesson, Ihrmark & Stenlid () showed that this fungus is not any better at invading ash wood than other substrates, and its commonness may be due to the fungus spreading readily through the ash wood xylem (Boddy, Gibbon & Grundy ).…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Thomas

2016

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Fraxinus excelsior L. (Ash) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2. Fraxinus excelsior is a large forest tree, native throughout the main islands of Britain and much of mainland Europe. Seedlings are shade tolerant, but adults are not so it tends to be an intermediate successional species, invading gaps in mixed stands rather than forming extensive pure stands. Ash grows on a wide range of soils but is commonest on nutrient-rich soils with a high base status and pH > 4.2, and is at its best on dry calcareous screes and fertile alluvial soils. 3. Fraxinus excelsior is trioecious or subdioecious with male, hermaphrodite and female flowers and trees. Seed production is prolific with periodic higher producing mast years. Seeds are primarily wind-dispersed, but they can float and be moved considerable distances along waterways. Germination is delayed by dormancy until usually the second spring after being shed. 4. Ash is tolerant of drought, but intolerant of spring frosts and so is predicted to fare well under current climate change scenarios, and indeed has recently been expanding in range in Europe. However, ash health and survival is currently seriously compromised by ash dieback caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea) that has the potential to kill all but a very few resistant trees. Moreover, the emerald ash borer beetle Agrilus planipennis, a serious pest of ash species in N. America, has reached Europe (though not yet the British Isles) and poses an equally if not more serious long-term threat to ash.

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Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Thomas

2016

Journal of Ecology

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“…Whalley & Watling (1980) noted the frequent occurrence of D. vernicosa on burnt Ulex . Wollweber & Stadler (2001) found their collections actually comprised stromata of both D. caldariorum and D. vernicosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same substrate may even be co-inhabited by more than one Daldinia species, which may produce stromata on the same tree branch, immediately after the host has been damaged by fire. Whalley & Watling ( 1980 ) noted the frequent occurrence of D. vernicosa on burnt Ulex . Wollweber & Stadler ( 2001 ) found their collections actually comprised stromata of both D. caldariorum and D. vernicosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae)1

Stadler

Læssøe

Fournier³

et al. 2014

Studies in Mycology

163

156

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For a monograph based on a polythetic concept, several thousands of herbarium specimens, and several hundreds of freshly collected and cultured specimens of Daldinia and allied Xylariaceae, originating from around the world, were studied for morphological traits, including by SEM, and chemically by HPLC profiles using UV-visible and mass spectrometric detection. Emphasis was given to tropical material, and importantly, ancient specimens, including as many types as possible, were tracked and studied to review earlier taxonomic concepts. An epitype of D. eschscholtzii was selected as representative of the morphochemotype that is most widely distributed in the tropics. Six new species of Daldinia from the tropics and the southern Hemisphere are described. Daldinia asphalatum is resurrected, and D. cudonia is regarded as its synonym. In addition, the following binomials are epi-, iso-, neo- and/or lectotypified: Daldinia asphalatum, D. caldariorum, D. clavata, D. cuprea, D. durissima, D. eschscholtzii, D. grandis, D. loculata, and D. vernicosa. Annellosporium and Versiomyces are regarded as synonyms of Daldinia. Many new synonymies in Daldinia are proposed, and some previously published names are rejected. In total, 47 taxa in Daldinia are recognised and a key is provided. Their biogeography, chorology, and ecology, as well as the importance of their secondary metabolites, are also discussed. The previous definition of the genus is emended. The species concept is based mainly on morphological and other phenotype-derived characters because, despite diligent search, no molecular data or cultures of several of the accepted species could be obtained. Daldinia is segregated into five major groups, based on phenotypic characteristics. Some unnamed but aberrant specimens were not found in good condition and are therefore not formally described as new species. However, they are illustrated in detail in a hope that this will facilitate the discovery of fresh material in future. A preliminary molecular phylogeny based on 5.8S/ITS nrDNA including numerous representatives of all hitherto described taxa for which cultures are extant, was found basically in agreement with the above mentioned segregation of the genus, based on morphological and chemotaxonomic evidence. In the rDNA based phylogenetic tree, Daldinia appears clearly distinct from members of the genera Annulohypoxylon and Hypoxylon; nevertheless, representatives of small genera of predominantly tropical origin (Entonaema, Phylacia, Ruwenzoria, Rhopalostroma, Thamnomyces) appear to have evolved from daldinioid ancestors and are nested inside the Daldinia clade. Interestingly, these findings correlate with chemotaxonomic characters to a great extent, especially regarding the distribution of marker metabolites in their mycelial cultures. Hence, the current study revealed for the first time that fungal secondary metabolite profiles can have taxonomic value beyond the species rank and even coincide with phylogenetic data.Taxonomic novelties:Daldinia andina sp. nov., D. aust...

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“…Before suggesting reasons for this, it is pertinent to point out that S. gausapatum and D. concentrica exhibit strong selectivity, respectively, for oak and ash, although they do occur on other trees, e.g. D. concentrica is found on birch (Betula) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) (Whalley & Watling, 1980, 1984. The selectivity of the other primary colonizers is, however, less marked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Communities in Attached Ash Branches

1987

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SUMMARYAttached dead and partly living ash branches of (Fraxinus excelsior) were cut from mature trees and the three-dimensional structure of their decay communities analyzed. The communities were characterized by three Ascomycotina, seven Basidiomycotina and two Deuteromycotina, which varied in their ecological roles. The Ascomycotina Daldinia concentrica (Bolt: Fr.) Ces. & DeNot. and Hypoxylon rubiginosum Pers.: Fr. were pioneers growing in partly living or recently dead wood but causing only slow decay. D. concentrica is very combative and was apparently often able to persist until the wood was well decayed. Peniophora limitata (Fr.) Cooke was also probably a pioneer but tended to be found mainly in middle or terminal regions, as did Peniophora quercina (Fr.) Cooke on the few occasions that the latter was found. Both P. limitata and P. quercina caused extensive white rot. Exidia thuretiana was found fruiting on the bark but was not isolated from wood and appeared to cause cambial death. An unidentified ascomycete was also found in small superficial regions associated with bark death or wounds. Peniophora lycii (Pers.) Hohn & Litsch and Peniophora violaceolivida were secondary invaders usually found in distal regions which were subject to desiccation. Radulomyces confiuens (Fr.) M. P. Christ was found in two branches in similar positions to P. limitata and P. quercina; its role was not completely clear but it was probably acting as a secondary colonizer. Mycoacia uda (Fr.) Donk was isolated once from terminal regions where it was replacing other species. In addition two Deuteromycotina, Phomopsis platanoidis Died, and a sterile unidentified sp., were isolated on a number of occasions, the former apparently resulted in little decay, although the latter was often found in decayed wood.

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Daldinia concentrica versus Daldinia vernicosa

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae)1

Fungal Communities in Attached Ash Branches

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