Dairy Versus Calcium Carbonate in Promoting Peak Bone Mass and Bone Maintenance During Subsequent Calcium Deficiency

Abstract

Dairy products provide most of the calcium in the diet, but consumption of milk has declined steadily over the last six decades. We determined (1) benefits to bone formation in growing female SpragueDawley rats when calcium is derived from dairy versus CaCO 3 and (2) residual benefits of calcium provided by dairy to rats subsequently receiving a low-calcium diet. During growth, femurs from rats fed nonfat dry milk solids (NFDM) had 8.4% higher peak breaking force, 6.4% greater Ca content, 4.8% greater weight, 4% greater width, 1.2% greater density, 13.1% greater midshaft cortical thickness, and 16.7% greater midshaft cortical area than from rats fed CaCO 3 . These effects were unrelated to differences in calcium absorption or serum IGF-1, but the NFDM group had higher rates of bone formation. If maintained on an adequate calcium diet, many of these advantages disappeared. However, rats fed adequate Ca as NFDM versus CaCO 3 during growth and subsequently switched to deficient Ca as CaCO 3 had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher femoral BMD (1.3%), total bone Ca (7.2%), Ca concentration (4.6%), and cortical thickness (9.4%) and a trend (p = 0.02) toward greater peak breaking force (17%). Thus, NFDMs improved bone measures during growth and protected bone against a subsequent period of calcium depletion compared with CaCO 3 .

Supplemental Dietary Racemic Equol Has Modest Benefits to Bone but Has Mild Uterotropic Activity in Ovariectomized Rats , ,

“…Eight femurs were randomly selected from each of the following groups: SHAM, OVX-0, and OVX-200. Cancellous and cortical bone of femurs was evaluated using methods and parameters described previously (20). Cancellous bone at the distal femur was scanned with an isotropic resolution of 16 mm obtained from 0.2 down the growth plate extended for 62 slices.…”

Micronutrient Deficiencies and Supplementation in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa

“…In calcium-depleted rats, intake of dairy products was more effective than calcium carbonate in improving bone density 15 ; however, patients who do not consume adequate dairy products, even in recovery, should continue to supplement calcium on an ongoing basis. Some patients believe they are supplementing their calcium intake via a daily multivitamin-mineral preparation and are not aware that 1 or more daily additional calcium tablets may be necessary to reach recommended intake levels.…”

A novel approach in analyzing agriculture and food systems: Review of modeling and its applications

“…Another illustration for steady-state analysis is calcium kinetic modeling which is represented by physical compartments and estimates calcium fluxes among them (Wastney et al, 1999). As mentioned in the introduction, the calcium kinetic model has been intensively used in the field of food and nutrition to study the differences in calcium metabolic fluxes caused by various conditions Wastney et al, 2000;Weaver et al, 2009). …”