Dairy Products: A Potential Source of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Strains

Gołaś-Prądzyńska, Marlena; Łuszczyńska, Magdalena; Rola, J.

doi:10.3390/foods11244116

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The species E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. hirae, E. casseliflavus, and E. durans have been reported to be found in the milk of healthy women [69][70][71]. In our cow milk samples, we found three species-E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. durans, which is in accordance with other authors' findings [67]. According to some authors, of all reported plant-associated enterococcal species, only E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. casseliflavus are dominant and best adapted to mammals [69].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…An important reservoir for the dissemination of enterococcal populations is the products of the lactation of mammals. For example, the most commonly isolated species from goat and sheep raw milk and their products (cheese) have been reported to be E. faecalis and E. faecium [67]. In our investigation, two similar milk products were analyzed-from cows and humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Our observations showed that the only multidrug-resistant strain was found in human breast milk. However, multidrug-resistant enterococci have also been reported in dairy products [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenic Potential and Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Comprehensive Study of Enterococci from Different Ecological Settings

Pandova,

Kizheva,

Tsenova

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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The pathway and the lifestyle of known enterococcus species are too complicated. The aim of the present study is to trace the path of pathogenicity of enterococci isolated from seven habitats (Cornu aspersum intestine; Bulgarian yoghurt; goat and cow feta cheese—mature and young, respectively; Arabian street food—doner kebab; cow milk; and human breast milk) by comparing their pathogenic potential. In total, 72 enterococcal strains were isolated and identified by MALDI-TOF, sequencing, and PCR. Hemolytic and gelatinase activity were biochemically determined. PCR was carried out for detection of virulence factors (cylB, esp, gls24, nucl, psaA, agg, gelE, and ace) and antibiotic resistance (erm, ermB, blaZ, vanA, aphA, mefA, gyrA, catpIP501, and aac6′-aph2″). Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was assigned according to EUCAST. Eleven representatives of the genus Enterococcus were identified: E. mundtii, E. casseliflavus, E. gilvus, E. pseudoavium, E. pallens, E. malodoratus, E. devriesei, E. gallinarum, E. durans, E. faecium, and E. faecalis. Twenty-two strains expressed α-hemolysis. Thirteen strains had the cylB gene. Only two strains expressed α-hemolysis and possessed the cylB gene simultaneously. Positive amplification for gelE was found in 35% of the isolates, but phenotypic gelatinase activity was observed only in three strains. All isolates showed varying antibiotic resistance. Only E. faecalis BM15 showed multiple resistance (AMP-HLSR-RP). Correlation between genotypic and phenotypic macrolide resistance was revealed for two E. faecalis strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Pathogenic Potential and Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Comprehensive Study of Enterococci from Different Ecological Settings

Pandova,

Kizheva,

Tsenova

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…Natural resistance to a variety of antibiotics exists in Enterococci, and they are also capable of transferring resistance genes to other microbes via plasmid conjugation mechanisms [33]. Ben Braiek et al (34) mentioned that intrinsic antibiotic resistance of Enterococci includes resistance to cephalosporins, sulphonamides, lincosamides, 𝛽lactams, and aminoglycosides, located in the chromosomes.…”

Section: Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug resistant Enterococci as a community acquired infection in diarrheal cases of children

Abd El Hamid,

Mohamed Nafadi,

Hasanein

et al. 2023

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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Background and Objectives: Enterococci causes many serious and life-threatening infections. Enterococci may be the cause of diarrhea in children. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococci limits treatment options. So, the aim of our study was to detect the frequency and the antibiotic resistance profile, both phenotypically and genotypically, of MDR Enterococci isolated from the stools of children suffering from gastroenteritis who needed hospitalization. Materials and Methods: Enterococci were isolated from stool samples from children. One hundred ten (110) infants (in patients) with typical signs of gastroenteritis (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea). The Vitek 2 Compact System is used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Drug resistance genes (ermB, aph(3′)IIIa, and tetM) and virulence genes (esp) were identified using molecular techniques. Results: Thirty-six isolates of Enterococci were diagnosed phenotypically by routine lab examination and Vitek2 followed by genotypic characterization by multiplex PCR for three resistant genes: ermB (100%), aph(3′)IIIa (63.9%) and tetM (91.7%) and one virulence gene (esp (25%)). The frequency of Enterococci among studied patients was 32.7% (36/110). Most of the Enterococci isolated from stool were Enterococcus faecuim (86.1%). MDR Enterococci was found to be 94.4% (34/36) in total isolates. Conclusion: MDR Enterococci was isolated in community acquired diarrhea in young aged (less than 24 months) children. More than one resistance gene: ermB, aph(3′)IIIa, tetM and virulence gene (esp) were detected in isolates. The presence of MDR strains is risky at a young age as it limits treatment options. Drug-resistant genes may be transmitted to a child through a carrier mother or cross infection from the hospital.

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“…Biofilms in the food industry also present a food safety threat, as they can act as reservoirs of foodborne spoilage or pathogenic bacteria [113,114], including BA-producing ones [115]. Different phages have been described as potential tools to eliminate biofilms formed by E. faecalis or E. faecium [91,[116][117][118].…”

Section: Food Applications Of Enterococcal Bacteriophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcal Phages: Food and Health Applications

Rodríguez-Lucas

Ladero

2023

Antibiotics

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Enterococcus is a diverse genus of Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group. It is found in many environments, including the human gut and fermented foods. This microbial genus is at a crossroad between its beneficial effects and the concerns regarding its safety. It plays an important role in the production of fermented foods, and some strains have even been proposed as probiotics. However, they have been identified as responsible for the accumulation of toxic compounds—biogenic amines—in foods, and over the last 20 years, they have emerged as important hospital-acquired pathogens through the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In food, there is a need for targeted measures to prevent their growth without disturbing other LAB members that participate in the fermentation process. Furthermore, the increase in AMR has resulted in the need for the development of new therapeutic options to treat AMR enterococcal infections. Bacteriophages have re-emerged in recent years as a precision tool for the control of bacterial populations, including the treatment of AMR microorganism infections, being a promising weapon as new antimicrobials. In this review, we focus on the problems caused by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in food and health and on the recent advances in the discovery and applications of enterococcus-infecting bacteriophages against these bacteria, with special attention paid to applications against AMR enterococci.

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Dairy Products: A Potential Source of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Strains

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Pathogenic Potential and Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Comprehensive Study of Enterococci from Different Ecological Settings

Pathogenic Potential and Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Comprehensive Study of Enterococci from Different Ecological Settings

Multidrug resistant Enterococci as a community acquired infection in diarrheal cases of children

Enterococcal Phages: Food and Health Applications

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