Dainfern And Diepsloot: Environmental Justice and Environmental History in Johannesburg, South Africa

Carruthers, Jane

doi:10.1089/env.2008.0526

Cited by 11 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[14] Estimates suggest that >90% of the >150 000 population is unemployed, with many families lacking access to basic services such as running water, sewage and rubbish removal.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric otitis media at a primary healthcare clinic in South Africa

et al. 2014

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Background.No published studies on the prevalence of paediatric otitis media at primary healthcare clinics (PHCs) in South Africa (SA) are available. Objective. To examine the point prevalence of otitis media in a paediatric population in a PHC in Johannesburg, SA, using otomicroscopy. Methods. A sample of 140 children aged 2 -16 years (mean 6.4; 44.1% females) were recruited from patients attending the PHC. Otomicroscopy was completed for each of the participants' ears by a specialist otologist using a surgical microscope. Results. Cerumen removal was necessary in 36.0% of participants (23.5% of ears). Otitis media with effusion was the most frequent diagnosis (16.5%). Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) was diagnosed in 6.6% of children and was the most common type of otitis media in participants aged 6 -15 years. Acute otitis media was only diagnosed in the younger 2 -5-year age group (1.7%). Otitis media was significantly more prevalent among younger (31.4%) than older children (16.7%). Conclusion. CSOM prevalence, as classified by the World Health Organization, was high. Consequently diagnosis, treatment and subsequent referral protocols may need to be reviewed to prevent CSOM complications.

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“…[14] Estimates suggest that >90% of the >150 000 population is unemployed, with many families lacking access to basic services such as running water, sewage and rubbish removal.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric otitis media at a primary healthcare clinic in South Africa

et al. 2014

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“…Diepsloot is a densely populated settlement made up of government subsided brick houses and shacks. Unemployment exceeds 90%, and the access to basic services such as running water, sewage and rubbish removal is limited [18]. After verbal and written information, caregivers were required to provide informed consent before any data collection was started.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote evaluation of video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population with an otitis media scale

Lundberg¹,

Biagio²,

Laurent³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Otitis media Grading Tympanic membrane Video-otoscopy A B S T R A C TBackground: A recently validated image-based grading scale for acute otitis media (OMGRADE) can be used to assess tympanic membrane (TM) status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of this scale for remote assessments of TM status using video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population. Method: Children 2-16 years attending a South African primary health clinic were offered an ear examination by an otologist using otomicroscopy. An ear and hearing telehealth facilitator then made video-otoscopy recordings (9-33 s) of the ears and uptakes were uploaded to a secure server for remote assessments in Sweden by an otologist and general practitioner at four-and eight-weeks post onsite assessment. TM appearance was judged according to the OMGRADE scale. Concordance between onsite otomicroscopy and asynchronous assessments of video-otoscopy recordings was calculated together with intra-and inter-rater agreements. Results: One hundred and eighty ears were included. Concordance of TM classifications using the OMGRADE scale was found to be substantial (weighted kappa range 0.66-0.79). Intra-and inter-rater agreement (test-retest) was found to be substantial to almost perfect (weighted kappa range 0.85-0.88 and 0.69-0.72, respectively). Conclusion: The OMGRADE scale can be used to accurately assess the normal TM and secretory otitis media (SOM) remotely using video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population.

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“…The pressure for land creates the characteristic form of highly dense single-storey dwellings with metal sheeting as the main roofing material (Carruthers, 2008;Mafunganyika, 2011). Vegetation is sparse and the open spaces between the structures are generally of beaten earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetation is sparse and the open spaces between the structures are generally of beaten earth. Residents use cast-off carpeting or precast panels as a 'paving' solution to prevent soil erosion, especially at the entrances to dwellings (Carruthers, 2008;Mafunganyika, 2011). In this way, the natural surface-water regime is almost entirely replaced by impervious surfaces with a high runoff co-efficient (Carruthers, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited space within dwellings tempts children to play around the litter and stagnant water. In areas that have communal toilets and standpipes located in the lanes, there is also runoff from washing clothes (Carruthers, 2008). Inadequate maintenance of the standpipes, gulleys and toilets in these areas adds to the hygiene and sanitation problems, as well as degrading the public domain as an area of social engagement (Richards et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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