Daily skin‐to‐skin contact in full‐term infants and breastfeeding: Secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial

Cooijmans, Kelly H. M.; Beijers, Roseriet; Brett, Bonnie E.; Weerth, Carolina de

doi:10.1111/mcn.13241

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our study showed that mother-newborn SSC was associated with increased proportions of early initiation breastfeeding and a longer duration of first-breastfeeding -findings that are highly consistent with previous studies [27,28]. SSC may activate the oxytocinergic system, and the elevated concentration of oxytocin in postpartum mothers in turn promotes lactation and prolonged breastfeeding duration [29]. In response to the WHO recommendation to "facilitate immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact and support mothers to initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth", advocated as part of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative [30], SSC should be steadily facilitated to provide optimal breastfeeding support and high-quality services for mothers and newborns.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effectiveness of early essential newborn care implementation in four counties of western China

Wang

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Neonatal survival is a public health concern globally. However, the regional disparity in neonatal mortality between rural counties of western China and urban areas of eastern provinces remains high. Early essential newborn care (EENC), recommended by World Health Organization, refers to a set of cost-effective interventions to improve neonatal health and development outcomes. In this study, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of EENC implementation in four counties of western China. Methods Pre- and post-intervention investigations were conducted in four selected EENC intervention counties and four control counties of four western provinces of China, from June to August 2017 and from December 2020 to April 2021 respectively. A mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was used for data collection and analysis. Data on the coverage of EENC practices were collected via a post-intervention face-to-face questionnaire survey with postpartum mothers before hospital discharge. Hospital-reported data on neonatal health indicators were obtained through mail surveys in both investigations. We also performed semi-structured interviews with policymakers, health staff and postpartum mothers to understand their perceptions about the usefulness of EENC implementation. Results Overall, 599 mother-newborn pairs in the intervention group and 699 pairs in the control group participated in the post-intervention survey. Controlling for the confounding factor of province, the proportion of newborns receiving EENC interventions was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Intervention groups in four provinces had higher coverage of: any skin-to-skin contact (99.50% vs. 49.07%); early breastfeeding initiation (within 60 min of birth) (90.84% vs. 80.35%); no medicine applied to the umbilical cord (98.50% vs. 9.73%); routine eye care (93.16% vs. 8.73%); and vitamin K1 administration (98.33% vs. 88.98%). EENC implementation was associated with decreased risk of neonatal diarrhea (OR: 0.326, 95% CI: 0.123, 0.865) and eye infection (OR: 0.147, 95% CI: 0.045, 0.483). Policymakers, health staff and postpartum mothers expressed satisfaction with the EENC interventions, noting a willingness among staff and policymakers to implement and sustain these interventions; the promotion of these interventions within hospital policy; the positive emotions experienced by postpartum mothers; perceived improvements in health; and improvements in support for health workers. Conclusion EENC-recommended core practices (except kangaroo mother care) have been successfully introduced in pilot hospitals. The efficacy of EENC implementation should be highly recognized to accelerate the progress towards its national roll out.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effectiveness of early essential newborn care implementation in four counties of western China

Wang

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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“…Moreover, in the current trial we found SSC to be associated with other outcomes. The PP analyses revealed that SSC mothers, compared to CAU mothers, reported 1.28 months longer exclusive breastfeeding and 2.33 months longer continued breastfeeding duration 57 . Additionally, more hours of SSC were related to longer exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration in exploratory DR analyses 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The PP analyses revealed that SSC mothers, compared to CAU mothers, reported 1.28 months longer exclusive breastfeeding and 2.33 months longer continued breastfeeding duration 57 . Additionally, more hours of SSC were related to longer exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration in exploratory DR analyses 57 . Given current and previous findings, future studies focusing on barriers and enablers to SSC implementation in community samples are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Daily mother-infant skin-to-skin contact and maternal mental health and postpartum healing: a randomized controlled trial

Cooijmans

Beijers

Brett

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of a daily hour of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (SSC) during the first five postnatal weeks, compared to care-as-usual, on maternal depressive (primary outcome), anxiety, stress, fatigue, pain, and delivery-related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Prenatal symptom severity and touch discomfort were examined as moderators. Mothers and full-term infants were randomly allocated to SSC or care-as-usual conditions and followed during the first postnatal year. For the total group (intention-to-treat analyses), care-as-usual mothers showed an increase of anxiety symptoms from week 2 to 12, while SSC mothers displayed a stability of anxiety symptoms. Also, care-as-usual mothers showed an initial decrease in fatigue followed by an increase, while SSC mothers showed a decrease from week 2 to 12. In per-protocol analyses, including only the SSC dyads who adhered to SSC guidelines, findings on anxiety, but not fatigue, were replicated. No SSC effects were found for depressive, stress, and pain symptoms. No moderator, dose–response, or 52-week follow-up effects were found. PTSS were low with little variation; consequently, analyses were discontinued. Daily SSC in healthy mother-infant dyads may reduce anxiety and fatigue symptoms, but not depressive, stress, and pain symptoms, during the early postpartum period. Replication studies are recommended.

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“…The main analyses were repeated including breastfeeding (yes/no) on Weeks 2, 5, and 12 as confounders. This was done because in an earlier study we found SSC to be associated to breastfeeding in the current trial (Cooijmans et al, 2021), and breastfeeding may, in turn, affect crying and sleeping (Moore et al, 2016; Schmid et al, 2011; Thomas, 2000; Wolke et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Outcomes were secondary outcomes in this trial. Findings on the primary outcome indicated that daily SSC did not affect maternal depressive symptoms (Cooijmans et al, 2021). Recruitment started in April 2016 and finished in September 2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily skin-to-skin contact and crying and sleeping in healthy full-term infants: A randomized controlled trial.

Cooijmans¹,

Beijers²,

Weerth³

2022

Developmental Psychology

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This randomized controlled trial (NTR5697) examined the effects of a 5-week daily skin-to-skin contact (SSC) intervention, compared with care-as-usual, on full-term infant crying and sleeping duration during the first 12 weeks postnatally (secondary outcomes of this trial). This trial included 116 Dutch healthy mothers and their full-term infants. SSC mothers were instructed to provide 1 hr daily of SSC for the first 5 weeks postpartum. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed no group differences in infant crying (i.e., total duration and mean bout length) and sleeping (i.e., total duration and mean bout length). Per-protocol analyses, including only the SSC dyads who adhered to SSC guidelines, indicated that SSC reduced infant total crying duration and the crying bout length. Similarly, dose-response analyses indicated that more SSC minutes were associated with less infant crying (i.e., shorter total duration and bout length) and longer total sleeping duration, especially when the infant was younger. No group differences and associations were found with sleeping bout length. Mother-infant SSC, when performed regularly, may be a cost-effective intervention to reduce infant crying and potentially also extend infant sleep duration.

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Daily skin‐to‐skin contact in full‐term infants and breastfeeding: Secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Effectiveness of early essential newborn care implementation in four counties of western China

Effectiveness of early essential newborn care implementation in four counties of western China

Daily mother-infant skin-to-skin contact and maternal mental health and postpartum healing: a randomized controlled trial

Daily skin-to-skin contact and crying and sleeping in healthy full-term infants: A randomized controlled trial.

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