Daily rhythms of cloacal temperature in broiler chickens of different age groups administered with zinc gluconate and probiotic during the hot-dry season

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate effects of zinc gluconate (ZnGlu) and probiotic administration on the daily rhythm of cloacal temperature (t cloacal) in broiler chickens of different age groups during the hot‐dry season. One‐day‐old broiler chicks (n = 60) were divided into groups I–IV of 15 chicks per group, and treated for 35 days: Group I (control) was given deionized water; Group II, ZnGlu (50 mg/kg); Group III, probiotic (4.125 × 106 cfu/100 mL), and Group IV, ZnGlu (50 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 106 cfu/100 mL). Air dry‐bulb temperature (t db), relative humidity (RH), and temperature‐humidity index (THI) inside the pen, and t cloacal of each broiler chick were obtained bihourly over a 24‐h period; on days 21, 28, and 35 of the study. Values of tdb (32.10 ± 0.49°C), RH (49.94 ± 1.91%), and THI (38.85 ± 0.42) obtained were outside the thermoneutral zone for broiler chickens, and suggested that the birds were subjected to heat stress. Application of the periodic model showed disruption of daily rhythm of t cloacal in broilers on day 21, which was synchronized by probiotic administration. The administration of probiotics or ZnGlu + probiotics to a greater extent decreased the mesor and amplitude, delayed the acrophases of t cloacal in broilers, especially at day 35, as compared to the controls. Overall, the t cloacal values in broiler chickens administered with probiotic alone (41.25 ± 0.05°C) and ZnGlu + probiotic (41.52 ± 0.05°C) were lower (P < 0.001) than that of the controls (41.94 ± 0.06°C). In conclusion, probiotic alone synchronized t cloacal of the birds at day 21, and, in addition, decreased t cloacal response most, followed by its coadministration with ZnGlu, the antioxidants may be beneficial in modulating daily rhythmicity of tcloacal and alleviating adverse effects of heat stress on broiler chickens during the hot‐dry season.

Diurnal rhythms of heart and respiratory rates in donkeys of different age groups during the cold-dry and hot-dry seasons in a tropical savannah

“…Of the three seasons in the zone, the cold‐dry and hot‐dry seasons have been described as thermally stressful to livestock (Aluwong et al. ). Environmental parameters that adversely affect livestock performance and health are ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), thermal radiation, and air speed (Sevi and Caroprese ).…”

“…The Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria is characterized by three distinct seasons, namely: the cold-dry, hot-dry, and the rainy seasons (Dzenda et al 2011;Ayo et al 2014). Of the three seasons in the zone, the cold-dry and hot-dry seasons have been described as thermally stressful to livestock (Aluwong et al 2017). Environmental parameters that adversely affect livestock performance and health are ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), thermal radiation, and air speed (Sevi and Caroprese 2012).…”

An Acute, Rather Than Progressive, Increase in Temperature-Humidity Index Has Severe Effects on Mortality in Laying Hens

“…In broiler breeds, younger birds could be more resilient to higher thermal environments than older ones. Cloacal temperature during daytime was age-dependently higher in broilers (38). Vale et al (19) reported that there was no impact of heat waves in broilers aged between 29 and 31 days, but increased mortality was found in broilers older than 31 days when the maximum THI was above 30.6 • C, the main feature of days presenting heat wave.…”

Uso de aplicações matemáticas para predição de conforto térmico de frangos de corte em ambiente semiárido

“…Regiões localizadas em ambientes tropicais que apresentam elevada radiação solar, alta temperatura e baixa umidade relativa do ar ao longo do ano, são fatores limitantes para o setor agropecuário da avicultura, culminando assim, em níveis excessivos de estresse por calor. Condições adversas como estas ocasionamdeclínio de rendimento ou até morte dos animais devido a diminuição do bem-estar e a saúde das aves, acarretando também em danos fisiológicos das mesmas (Aluwong et al, 2017).…”

“…Os índices climáticos são de extrema importância para o entendimento do conforto térmico dos animais sob as condições locais, auxiliando na construção de abrigos de produção, dieta dos animaisou nas tomadas de decisões das indústrias avícolas (Angelo;Naas;Vendrametto, 2014;Aluwong et al, 2017 devido ao material de cobertura do galpão sofrendo influência também da baixa incidência de radiação solar direta sobre o mesmo.…”