Daily Rhythms in Blood and Milk Lead Toxicokinetics Following Intravenous Administration of Lead Acetate to Dairy Cows in Winter

Valtorta, Silvia; Litterio, J. N.; Cerutti, R. D.; Beldoménico, Horacio; Coronel, Jorge; Boggio, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1076/brhm.34.3.221.18810

Cited by 3 publications

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“…They found a minimum V ss when the drug was injected at 14:00 h. Maximum and minimum V ss were 2.4 and 1.5 L/kg. The V ss observed in the present summer study were slightly lower than those recorded in winter (Valtorta et al 2003). Lower volumes of distribution of sulphadimidine were found during summer in sheep, and were explained on the basis of the hemoconcentration revealed by a decrease in plasma volume and an increase in plasma proteins in that season (Nawaz and Nawaz 1983).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…It was highest at 14 HALO (63,1 μg/h/mL) and lowest at 8 HALO (34,7 μg/h/mL). These results differ from those reported in winter (Valtorta et al 2003), when maximum and minimum AUC were detected at 2 and 20 HALO, respectively.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Maximum t 1=2 was 42.09±10.91 h, slightly shorter than that reported for winter (47.12±9.02 h; Valtorta et al 2003). Jeffrey et al (1996), working with a milking dairy cow, found lead t 1=2 to be 148 h, while Blanford et al (1997) reported an average blood lead t 1=2 of 460 h for 5 lactating Holstein cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Lead blood concentrations at every administration HALO were higher than those detected in winter (Valtorta et al 2003). Gulson et al (2000) also reported human populations to present higher lead concentrations in summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even for lead, blood and milk daily variations have been found (Valtorta et al 2003) in dairy cows receiving an intravenous injection of lead acetate at different hours after onset of light (HALO) in winter. Blood variations could be adjusted to circadian rhythms, while milk variations could not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Daily rhythms in blood and milk lead toxicokinetics following intravenous administration of lead acetate to dairy cows in summer

et al. 2005

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The objective of this study was to investigate circadian variations of blood and milk lead toxicokinetics in dairy cows in summer. Twenty lactating Holstein animals were randomly assigned to four treatments corresponding to different hours after onset of light (HALO): 2, 8, 14, and 20. Cows received a single intravenous administration of 2.5 mg/kg lead as lead acetate. Blood and milk samples were taken and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For each toxicokinetic parameter, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to outline the existence of daily variations. Significant blood differences as a function of HALO were found for the hybrid constant of distribution (alpha), hybrid constant of elimination (beta), elimination half-life (t(1/2)beta), area under the curve (AUC), volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)) and clearance (Cl(B)) (p<0.05). Half-life of elimination presented two peaks at 2 and 14 HALO. Milk data showed significant differences for maximum concentration and AUC (p<0.05). The ratio AUC(milk)/AUC(blood) was utilized to estimate penetration of lead in milk. It differed significantly throughout the day (p<0.05). Milk data for the significant parameters could be fitted to circadian rhythms. No circadian rhythms were detected in blood parameters or in the ratio AUC(milk)/AUC(blood).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Daily rhythms in blood and milk lead toxicokinetics following intravenous administration of lead acetate to dairy cows in summer

et al. 2005

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Atomic spectrometry update. Clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Taylor¹,

Branch²,

Halls³

et al. 2005

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Declines in blood lead concentrations in clinically affected and unaffected cattle accidentally exposed to lead

et al. 2011

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Lead (Pb) poisoning remains a common cause of morbidity in dairy and beef cattle. Although Pb toxicosis is typically diagnosed in cattle with clinical signs of acute or subacute Pb poisoning, it has been hypothesized that subclinical chronic exposure of cattle to Pb, which often goes undiagnosed, poses more of a risk to the human consumer. There is not adequate information on Pb kinetics to determine when or if Pb-exposed cattle can safely enter the food chain. The objectives of the current study were to determine whether subclinical elevations in blood Pb (bPb) were present in cattle from herds where 1 or more individuals had clinical Pb poisoning and to determine the half-life (t(1/2)) of bPb in Pb-exposed cattle. Samples of blood were collected and analyzed for Pb from 126 cattle from 9 farms. Blood lead concentrations ranged from below the detection limit (2.50 µg/dl) to 423.0 µg/dl. Only 11 of the 94 cattle with detectable bPb had clinical signs such as diarrhea, blindness, bruxism, or seizures. When possible, cattle with detectable bPb had serial samples taken. The mean t(1/2) calculated from 44 serially sampled cattle was 135 days (standard deviation: 125 days, range: 3-577 days). A source of Pb on the farm was determined for all but one herd.

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Daily Rhythms in Blood and Milk Lead Toxicokinetics Following Intravenous Administration of Lead Acetate to Dairy Cows in Winter

Cited by 3 publications

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Daily rhythms in blood and milk lead toxicokinetics following intravenous administration of lead acetate to dairy cows in summer

Daily rhythms in blood and milk lead toxicokinetics following intravenous administration of lead acetate to dairy cows in summer

Atomic spectrometry update. Clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Declines in blood lead concentrations in clinically affected and unaffected cattle accidentally exposed to lead

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