Daily preventive zinc supplementation increases the antibody response against pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with zinc insufficiency: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Zinc deficiency impairs the antibody-mediated immune response and is common in children from lower-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different zinc supplementation regimens (7, 10 or 20 mg/day elemental zinc)—therapeutic dispersible zinc tablets (TZ), daily multiple micronutrient powder (MNP), daily preventive zinc tablets (PZ) and placebo powder (control)—and compare between baseline and endline antibody production against pathogenic Escherichia coli in Laotian children (aged 6–23 months). Fifty representative plasma samples of each treatment group were randomly selected from 512 children to determine anti-E. coli IgG antibody levels and avidity. Of the 200 children, 78.5% had zinc deficiency (plasma zinc concentration < 65 µg/dL) and 40% had anaemia before receiving zinc supplementation. aAfter receiving the TZ, MNP or PZ regimen, the plasma anti-E. coli IgG levels were significantly increased compared with baseline; the effect on the antibody level was more pronounced in children with zinc deficiency. Interestingly, there was increased anti-E. coli IgG avidity in the control and PZ groups. This study suggests that PZ might be the optimal zinc supplementation regimen to increase both the quantity and quality of antibody responses in children with zinc deficiency. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02428647 (NCT02428647, 29/04/2015).

Combined copper and zinc deficiency is associated with reduced SARS-CoV-2 immunization response to BNT162b2 vaccination

“…In previous studies, baseline concentrations of the essential trace elements Se and Zn have been associated with the activity of the immune system, collectively indicating the importance of replete supply [ 6 , 7 , 10 ]. Yet, our prior analyses indicated that the serum Se or Zn concentrations in this group of adult health care workers were unrelated to the antibody response after vaccination [ 35 , 36 ].…”

“…A sufficient supply with the essential trace elements copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) is required for human development, metabolic control and maintaining health, in particular for a regular functioning of the immune system [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ]. The trace elements Se and Zn have been identified as particularly relevant for raising a strong vaccination response, and for avoiding a severe disease course once infected [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ]. The trace element Cu serves as an important constituent of Cu-containing proteins, conferring structural stability and redox reactivity, and participates as cofactor in the enzymatic reactions catalyzed by e.g.…”

Modulating the transcriptomic profile of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation by antibiotics in combination with zinc sulfate

“…It is the major causative agent of infections in critical sites such as the respiratory and urinary tract in addition to the biliary duct as well as the surgical wounds [ 7 ]. Antibiotics are the major treatment applied for these types of infections and in the meantime, zinc supplements are commonly prescribed in clinical settings due to the known ability of zinc to enhance the adaptive immune response (antibody-mediated) against different pathogens [ 18 ]. Consequently, the current study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial interaction pattern between zinc sulfate in combination with different classes of antibiotics against K. pneumoniae biofilm formation on the phenotypic and genotypic levels.…”

One-dose intradermal rabies booster enhances rabies antibody production and avidity maturation

“…To determine the avidity index of the serum anti-rabies antibody, the protocol was adapted from Kewcharoenwong et al [ 21 ]. The 96-well plates were coated overnight at 4 °C with the recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein rRVGP, which was kindly provided by Dr. Tadaki Suzuki [ 12 ].…”