Daily prediction of nonsuicidal self-injury among inpatients: The roles of suicidal thoughts, interpersonal difficulties, hopelessness, and affect.

Abstract

Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major public health issue. Despite increased research efforts in clinical samples, we still have little understanding of the short-term correlates, predictors, and targets of NSSI among treatment-seeking individuals. The present study was designed to (a) evaluate how suicidal thoughts, interpersonal difficulties, hopelessness, and affective states are associated with same-day and next-day NSSI; (b) identify which factors may be effective targets in treatment through network modeling. Method: Data from 1,265 psychiatric inpatients who self-injured throughout their visit to a psychiatric hospital self-reported their suicidal ideation, negative affect, and positive affect on a daily basis (in total 36,345 prospective reports). An additional 632 patients were also surveyed regarding feelings of hopelessness, wish to live, and interpersonal difficulties. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we examined contemporaneous and time-lagged associations with NSSI. Multilevel network analyses assessed interconnectedness of daily predictors and were compared with a matched sample of 1,265 patients who did not self-injure during their stay. Results: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with increased probability of same-day and next-day self-injury, and an inverse relationship was observed for wish to live. Increases in positive affect were also significantly associated with decreased probability of next-day self-injury. Perceived burdensomeness had high centrality in network models, particularly among patients who self-injured, indicating it is susceptible to activation and directly associated with all predictors. Conclusions: Routine monitoring may improve prediction of when a patient is at short-term risk to self-injure and provides person-specific data that can assist in targeting risk and protective factors during treatment.

Daily prediction of inpatient suicide attempts using routinely collected theory-driven data.

“…For example, other aspects of suicidal ideation, such as intent, method, and plan, may be important aspects differentiating who will attempt suicide on particular days. Relatedly, four items were used to develop a "negative affect" score, a short-hand label which was used to be consistent with Kyron et al (2023) and conceptually were defined to reflect potentially transient emotional states. However, these particular items (i.e., worthlessness) may also encapsulate broader aspects of psychological distress, particularly if persistent, and therefore results should be interpreted with this in mind.…”