Daily Patterns of Activity in the Spotted Hyena

Kolowski, Joseph M.; Katan, Dijana; Theis, Kevin R.; Holekamp, Kay E.

doi:10.1644/06-mamm-a-143r.1

Cited by 92 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Hyenas can easily be observed scavenging garbage left in the streets of Mekelle, Kiha, and Aynalem. Hyenas can travel over vast distances; Kolowski et al (2007) documented a mean displacement of 12.4 km per night. Length of travel is thought to be dependent on home range size and prey availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Northern Ethiopia: diet, economic impact, and abundance

et al. 2010

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Global declines of carnivores are related to difficult integration with human land use, in particular conflicts caused by livestock depredation. Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) live in remarkably close proximity to humans in the degraded and prey-depleted Enderta district, northern Ethiopia. Their diet and interaction with people were investigated in sub-districts close to the regional capital, Mekelle. We interviewed 1,686 randomly selected households from three sub-districts, Debri, Aynalem, and Felege Selam, about livestock management and incidence of depredation from 2005 to 2009. Livestock loss amounted to 492 heads over 5 years; an annual mean of 0.6% worth US$ 7,042. We also performed a survey giving a minimum population estimate of 60 hyenas in the three sub-districts; all but four were found in church forests where they are traditionally tolerated and protected. A total of 1,200 hyena scats were analyzed to determine prey species; the diet contained only domestic species, with sheep being by far the most common prey species. About 5.5% of fecal analysis contained human hairs. We conclude that hyenas depended entirely on domestic prey species, partly through depredation but more importantly through scavenging on (peri-) urban waste. Under the particular local circumstances, continued coexistence appears possible, provided that damage remains tolerable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Northern Ethiopia: diet, economic impact, and abundance

et al. 2010

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“…1). Both the MMNR and ANP are areas of open grassland grazed year-round by several different ungulate species (Kolowski et al, 2007; Western, 2007). Each of the four study clans contained multiple matrilines of adult females, their offspring, and several immigrant males that had joined the clan as adults.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal glucocorticoids reflect socio-ecological and anthropogenic stressors in the lives of wild spotted hyenas

Meter

French

Dloniak

et al. 2009

Hormones and Behavior

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Our aim was to identify natural and anthropogenic influences on the stress physiology of large African carnivores, using wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) as model animals. With both longitudinal data from a single social group, and cross-sectional data from multiple groups, we used fecal glucocorticoids (fGC) to examine potential stressors among spotted hyenas. Longitudinal data from adult members of a group living on the edge of the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, revealed that fGC concentrations were elevated during two periods of social upheaval among adults, especially among younger females; however, prey availability, rainfall, and presence of lions did not influence fGC concentrations among hyenas. Our results suggested that anthropogenic disturbance in the form of pastoralist activity, but not tourism, influenced fGC concentrations among adult male hyenas; rising concentrations of fGC among males over 12 years were significantly correlated with increasing human population density along the edge of the group’s home range. As hyenas from this social group were frequently exposed to anthropogenic disturbance, we compared fGC concentrations among these hyenas with those obtained concurrently from hyenas living in three other groups undisturbed by pastoralist activity. We found that fGC concentrations from the undisturbed groups were significantly lower than those in the disturbed group, and we were able to rule out tourism and ecological stressors as sources of variation in fGC among the populations. Thus it appears that both social instability and anthropogenic disturbance, but not the ecological variables examined, elevate fGC concentrations and represent stressors for wild spotted hyenas. Further work will be necessary to determine whether interpopulation variation in stress physiology predicts population decline in groups exposed to intensive anthropogenic disturbance.

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“…Generalmente el sexo sí influye en los patrones de actividad de los carnívoros (Zalewski 2001, Hwang et al 2007, Kolowski et al 2007, Schmidt 2009), siendo los machos más activos que las hembras (Griess 1987, McDonald 1989. Hay autores que opinan que las diferencias en la actividad no sólo están relacionadas con las diferencias en el comportamiento, sino también con diferencias fisiológicas en las especies con dimorfismo sexual que hacen que los individuos mayores se muevan más (Zalewski 2001).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Ritmos de actividad del lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus) en cautividad

Penabad¹,

Rivas²,

Calzada

2012

Galemys

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Ethological studies are essential for proper husbandry of wild animals in captivity. In this paper we analyze the patterns of activity throughout the day (circadian rhythm) and throughout the year, of 25 Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) belonging to the Captive Breeding Program. The annual circadian rhythm in lynxes reaches two maximum peaks: one at dawn and another at sunset (with average activity levels of 60 and 76%, respectively). Between these two peaks we found two minimums of activity, one during the night (43 %) and another during the day (25 %). We also found that the circadian pattern closely resembles the pattern described for the wild population. Rainfall and hour of light do influence on activity, whereas the moon phase does not. The average daily activity for the whole year was 47.8 ± 16.8%. The months presenting less activity were July, August and September coinciding with the warmest period of the year and the most active months were November, March and April. The sex of the lynxes do not influence the average daily activity, however CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) and the interaction between sex and CKD, does. CKD affected animals are less active than the healthy individuals, that is more evident in males than females. Activity levels in males were similar to those of females when they are healthy, but decrease greatly when they are ill.

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Daily Patterns of Activity in the Spotted Hyena

Cited by 92 publications

References 54 publications

Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Northern Ethiopia: diet, economic impact, and abundance

Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Northern Ethiopia: diet, economic impact, and abundance

Fecal glucocorticoids reflect socio-ecological and anthropogenic stressors in the lives of wild spotted hyenas

Ritmos de actividad del lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus) en cautividad

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