Daily living skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Implications for intervention and independence

Baker, Elizabeth; Stavropoulos, Katherine K.M.; Baker, Bruce L.; Blacher, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101761

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…It is equally important to remember that other studies have pointed to the VIQ as a predictor of successful outcomes in adaptive behavior in different age groups of individuals with ASD and as a variable that may influence the severity of ASD symptoms depending on whether its value is higher or lower ( Bal et al, 2019 ; Hyman et al, 2020 ). Therefore, in line with other research ( Baker et al, 2021 ), our findings further support the idea that it is not sufficient to have a preserved IQ to ensure that a person with ASD has optimal adaptive functioning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To date, little research has been conducted to analyze this gap and there is even more scarce research in adulthood. It is therefore imperative to understand the impact that other variables have on adaptive functioning in adult life because of their role in optimizing personal independence and in maintaining satisfactory social relationships, as well as achieving employment ( Howlin et al, 2013 ; Morrison et al, 2020 ; Baker et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive functions in daily living skills: A study in adults with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2023

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IntroductionAdults with autism and adults with schizophrenia show difficulties in adaptive skills, especially those related to daily functioning. Some studies suggest that adaptive skills are associated with deficits in executive functions (EF), while others indicate that intelligence quotient (IQ) might also play a role. Literature suggests that autistic symptoms further affect adaptive skills. The interest of the current study, therefore, was to explore to what extent IQ, EFs as well as core autistic symptoms predict adaptive skills.MethodsTo do this, 25 controls, 24 adults with autism, and 12 with schizophrenia were assessed on IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), and executive functioning. The EF was measured with neuropsychological tasks (inhibition, updating, and task switching) and with the Dysexecutive-Spanish Questionnaire (DEX-Sp) which assessed everyday life EF problems. Core ASD symptoms were measured using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Short version (AQ-S), and the Repetitive Behavior Questionnaire – 3 (RBQ-3).ResultsThe results indicated EF difficulties in both, autism and schizophrenia. The IQ explained a high percentage of the variance found in adaptive skills, but only in the autism group. We can conclude, therefore, that high IQ is associated with low adaptive skills levels and EFs affect adaptive functioning in people with autism; however, this does not explain the difficulties in adaptive functioning in the schizophrenia group. Core features of autism assessed with self-report questionnaires (but not the ADOS-2) predicted low scores on the adaptive skills, only in the autism group.DiscussionBoth EF measures predicted adaptive skills scores in autism, but not in schizophrenia. Our results suggest that different factors affect the adaptive functioning in each disorder. For instance, the EFs should be a central focus for improvement, especially for individuals with autism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions in daily living skills: A study in adults with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2023

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“…En un estudio se menciona que la incorporación de estrategias de manejo del comportamiento y capacitación en habilidades adaptativas y sociales en las intervenciones con personas diagnosticadas con TEA puede servir para preparar a los adolescentes y las familias para la transición a la vida adulta. Se conoce ahora que son capaces de crear sus propias ideas, y tomar sus decisiones, sin embargo, contar con una intervención y un tratamiento desde las primeras etapas del desarrollo pueden hacer una gran diferencia en el desarrollo de la autonomía y la independencia de las personas con TEA (Baker et al, 2021). Moody y Laugeson (2020) describen a las habilidades sociales como conductas aprendidas que van a contribuir a que las personas funcionen competentemente dentro de la sociedad; de estas habilidades dependerá el recibimiento de la sociedad hacia los individuos y a la vez, este recibimiento o rechazo tendrá un impacto (favorable o desfavorable) en el desarrollo psicosocial de la personas, que se verá evidenciando en su conducta y adaptación.…”

Section: Desarrollounclassified

Importancia del entrenamiento de habilidades sociales para mejorar la toma de decisiones y calidad de vida de personas con trastorno del espectro autista

Vargas

Gutiérrez

2023

ESAT

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En la actualidad el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) ha tenido mayor visibilidad a comparación de años anteriores, así también el estigma que ha rodeado a dicho padecimiento por años. Esto con base en el pensamiento social sobre la toma de decisiones y autonomía de las personas con TEA. Se infiere que este estigma ha tenido repercusiones en la calidad de vida de estos individuos, y a la vista de estos sucesos se hace vital la utilización de técnicas sobre el entrenamiento en habilidades sociales para la búsqueda de la adquisición de aptitudes funcionales que apoyen en el desarrollo de las persona con TEA.

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“…They fall into three main domains: personal (e.g., dressing, showering, and taking medication), domestic (e.g., cooking, cleaning, and laundry), and community DLS [e.g., managing time, money, and employment; ( 13 )]. Autistic individuals and individuals with other NDD demonstrate significant heterogeneity in these skills that cannot be accounted for by cognitive functioning alone ( 1 , 14 , 15 ). In fact, although higher cognitive functioning is broadly associated with higher DLS ( 16 ), autistic individuals with average or above average IQs often show considerably lower DLS than would be expected given their cognitive functioning, whereas DLS has been identified as a relative strength of many individuals with co-occurring ID ( 17 – 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily living skills scale: Development and preliminary validation of a new, open-source assessment of daily living skills

Uljarević

Spackman²,

Cai³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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Autistic individuals and individuals with a range of other neurodevelopmental conditions (NDD) often present with lower levels of daily living skills (DLS) when compared to their neurotypical peers. Importantly, lower levels of DLS have been linked to a range of negative outcomes, including lower rates of post-secondary education, lower employment rates, and higher daily support needs across autism and NDD. However, there are currently no open-source informant-reported instruments for capturing key aspects of DLS. This study describes the development, refinement, and initial psychometric evaluation of a new, relatively brief (53-item). Daily Living Skills Scale (DLSS) in a sample of 1,361 children aged 2–17 years, Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated an excellent fit of unidimensional model to the data (CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.951, RMSEA = 0.073 [95% CI: 0.071–0.074]). The single-factor CFA model showed evidence of measurement invariance of factor loadings, thresholds, and residual variance (strict invariance) across sex, age, race, and ethnicity. Model reliability and internal consistency were excellent (ω = 0.98; α = 0.97). Conditional reliability estimates indicated very good reliability (= 0.80) for the total DLS scale from very low (θ = −4.2) to high (θ = +2.4) scores. Conceptually derived self-care, homecare, and community participation subscales also showed strong reliability and internal consistency. With further replication, the EFS has excellent potential for wide adoption across research and clinical contexts.

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Daily living skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Implications for intervention and independence

Cited by 23 publications

References 60 publications

Executive functions in daily living skills: A study in adults with autism spectrum disorder

Executive functions in daily living skills: A study in adults with autism spectrum disorder

Importancia del entrenamiento de habilidades sociales para mejorar la toma de decisiones y calidad de vida de personas con trastorno del espectro autista

Daily living skills scale: Development and preliminary validation of a new, open-source assessment of daily living skills

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