Daily Intake of Magnesium and Calcium From Drinking Water in Relation to Myocardial Infarction

Rosenlund, Mats; Berglind, Niklas; Hallqvist, Johan; Bellander, Tom; Bluhm, Gösta

doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000165390.18798.62

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…6 -9 Because of this relationship, bisphosphonates have been proposed as antiatherosclerotic agents, 10 and patients with coronary calcification commonly ask if they should reduce their calcium consumption. 11 The literature on this topic is scant and conflicting [12][13][14][15][16] ; even less is known about the relationship between vitamin D and coronary risk. 17 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium/Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events

et al. 2007

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confidence: 99%

Calcium/Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events

et al. 2007

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“…The remaining seven case control studies assessed concentrations of specific drinking water constituents, namely magnesium and calcium, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Of these, five studies reported no evidence of a statistically significant association between calcium concentrations and cardiovascular mortality with no consistent direction of association (Rubenowitz et al 1996(Rubenowitz et al , 2000Yang 1998;Rosenlund et al 2005). Two studies reported a protective effect of drinking water calcium on mortality from AMI for females (Rubenowitz et al 1999) and males and females combined (Yang et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Of the case control studies, only two considered cardiovascular morbidity as the outcome of interest. There was no significant association between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and drinking magnesium or calcium (Luoma et al 1983;Rosenlund et al 2005) or water hardness (Rosenlund et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of analytical observational studies investigating the association between cardiovascular disease and drinking water hardness

Catling

Abubakar

Lake

et al. 2008

Journal of Water and Health

100

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The aim of this study is to systematically review and critically assess analytical observational epidemiology studies investigating the association between levels of drinking water hardness and cardiovascular disease. We searched electronic databases and used standardised forms to extract data and assess study quality. Of 2,906 papers identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria (nine case control and five cohort studies). Of the nine case control studies, seven examined both drinking water magnesium and calcium and risk of death from cardiovascular disease. A pooled odds ratio showed a statistically significant inverse association between magnesium and cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.75 (95%CI 0.68, 0.82), p , 0.001). Only two studies reported a statistically significant effect for calcium. Substantial heterogeneity between studies made calculation of a summary estimate for drinking water calcium inappropriate. Of three cohort studies reviewed, two were of good quality. A weak suggestion that soft water was harmful in females and possibly associated with a slightly greater risk of sudden death was reported, but there was no association between water hardness and mortality from stroke or cardiovascular disease. This study found significant evidence of an inverse association between magnesium levels in drinking water and cardiovascular mortality following a meta-analysis of case control studies. Evidence for calcium remains unclear.

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“…The low serum Ca and high intact PTH levels of the Oshima residents are compatible with our previous findings in residents of the Koza/Kozagawa area (a highincidence area of ALS in which the drinking water contained markedly low levels of Ca) who exhibited low serum Ca levels regardless of sufficient intake from food, according to a self-administered food frequency questionnaire survey (15). Epidemiological studies of the relationship between tap water magnesium and calcium concentrations and various diseases have been conducted; however, conflicting results have been reported (16)(17)(18). Although prospective studies of metabolic balance, including the mineral levels in drinking water, food and serum, are necessary, the present findings in residents of Oshima may be partly explained by the recent change in drinking water source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Environmental Characteristics and Oxidative Stress of Inhabitants and Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a High-incidence Area on the Kii Peninsula, Japan

et al. 2013

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Objective Although Oshima, in the Kii Peninsula of Japan, is located within a high incidence area of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Koza/Kozagawa/Kushimoto area, K area), no patients with ALS were detected between 1960 and 1999. However, the incidence recently increased between 2000 and 2009. On Oshima, the source of drinking water was changed from a regional river/wells to the Kozagawa River in the K area in 1975. We speculate that this change in water source may have played a role in the recent increase in the incidence of ALS. The aim of this study is to find contributing factors that may have triggered the locally high incidence of ALS. Methods We investigated a possible association between the mineral content of drinking water and serum and oxidative stress markers among patients with ALS in the K area (K-ALS), residents of Oshima and controls. Results We found that the levels of Ca and Zn in the recent drinking water in Oshima are low and that the serum levels of Ca and Zn in the Oshima residents and patients with K-ALS were significantly lower, while the oxidative stress markers were significantly higher, than those of the controls. The serum Zn and urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine levels explained 60% and 58% of the variations among the three groups, respectively. The serum Zn levels were negatively correlated with the serum Cu levels in the patients with K-ALS, and the serum Cu levels exhibited a tendency to be positively correlated with the 8-OHdG/creatinine levels in both the patients with K-ALS (r: 0.64) and the residents free from K-ALS (r: 0.32, p<0.01). Conclusion Taken together, we suggest that the low levels of Ca and Zn in the drinking water are possibly associated with an imbalance of metal metabolism in Oshima residents and an increase in oxidative stress markers in patients with K-ALS, although the causative relationship is not clear. This is a cross-sectional study, and a prospective study is needed in the future.

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Daily Intake of Magnesium and Calcium From Drinking Water in Relation to Myocardial Infarction

Abstract: This study does not support previous reports of a protective effect on myocardial infarction associated with consumption of drinking water with higher levels of hardness, magnesium, or calcium.

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Calcium/Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events

Calcium/Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events

A systematic review of analytical observational studies investigating the association between cardiovascular disease and drinking water hardness

Environmental Characteristics and Oxidative Stress of Inhabitants and Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a High-incidence Area on the Kii Peninsula, Japan

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