Daily extreme precipitation and trends over China

Sun, Junyi; Zhang, Fuqing

doi:10.1007/s11430-016-9117-8

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…variables total precipitation, snowfall and evaporation. The two chosen reanalysis products have previously been found to model precipitation comparatively well in our study area (Chen et al, 2019;Cuo and Zhang, 2017;Sun et al, 2018). (Appendix A3).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The lack of meteorological observations on large parts of HMA results in substantial uncertainties with recent precipitation changes on the TP (Kang et al, 2010) and available gridded precipitation datasets (Sun et al, 2018;Smith and Bookhagen, 2018). While they are also affected by the lack of direct observations, reanalysis products are an important source of physically based model data in such data-sparse regions (Cuo and Zhang, 2017).…”

Section: Precipitation Increase On the Tp And Glacier Sensitivity To mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent glacier and lake changes in High Mountain Asia and their relation to precipitation changes

et al. 2019

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Abstract. We present an updated, spatially resolved estimate of 2003–2008 glacier surface elevation changes for the entire region of High Mountain Asia (HMA) from ICESat laser altimetry data. The results reveal a diverse pattern that is caused by spatially greatly varying glacier sensitivity, in particular to precipitation availability and changes. We introduce a spatially resolved zonation where ICESat samples are grouped into units of similar glacier behaviour, glacier type and topographic settings. In several regions, our new zonation reveals local differences and anomalies that have not been described previously. Glaciers in the Eastern Pamirs, Kunlun Shan and central TP were thickening by 0.1–0.7 m a−1, and the thickening anomaly has a crisp boundary in the Eastern Pamirs that continues just north of the central Karakoram. Glaciers in the south and east of the TP were thinning, with increasing rates towards southeast. We attribute the glacier thickening signal to a stepwise increase in precipitation around ∼1997–2000 on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The precipitation change is reflected by growth of endorheic lakes in particular in the northern and eastern TP. We estimate lake volume changes through a combination of repeat lake extents from Landsat data and shoreline elevations from ICESat and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) for over 1300 lakes. The rise in water volume contained in the lakes corresponds to 4–25 mm a−1, when distributed over entire catchments, for the areas where we see glacier thickening. The precipitation increase is also visible in sparse in situ measurements and MERRA-2 climate reanalysis data but less visible in ERA-Interim reanalysis data. Taking into account evaporation loss, the difference between average annual precipitation during the 1990s and 2000s suggested by these datasets is 34–100 mm a−1, depending on region, which can fully explain both lake growth and glacier thickening (Kunlun Shan) or glacier geometry changes such as thinning tongues while upper glacier areas were thickening or stable (eastern TP). The precipitation increase reflected in these glacier changes possibly extended to the northern slopes of the Tarim Basin, where glaciers were nearly in balance in 2003–2008. Along the entire Himalaya, glaciers on the first orographic ridge, which are exposed to abundant precipitation, were thinning less than glaciers in the dryer climate of the inner ranges. Thinning rates in the Tien Shan vary spatially but are rather stronger than in other parts of HMA.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Precipitation Increase On the Tp And Glacier Sensitivity To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent glacier and lake changes in High Mountain Asia and their relation to precipitation changes

et al. 2019

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“…Increased precipitation in the region has been noted before: Yao et al (2012) attributed a pattern of precipitation/glacier changes to a strengthening of the Westerlies while the Indian monsoon is weakening. Also a rise in extreme precipitation events at stations in the study region was attributed to a weakening East Asian monsoon (Sun and Zhang, 2017). Fujita and Nuimura (2011) and Sakai and Fujita (2017) model a decrease in theoretical equilibrium line altitudes (ELA) in western Tibet over 1988 and 2007, and attribute these trends to increasing precipitation in western Tibet (but decreasing precipitation in western Pamir and the western Himalaya).…”

Section: Precipitation Increase On the Tpmentioning

confidence: 91%

High Mountain Asia glacier elevation trends 2003–2008, lake volume changes 1990–2015, and their relation to precipitation changes

Treichler

Kääb

Salzmann

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. We present an updated, spatially resolved estimate of 2003–2008 glacier volume changes for entire High Mountain Asia (HMA) from ICESat laser altimetry data. The results reveal a diverse pattern that is driven by spatially greatly varying glacier sensitivity, in particular to precipitation availability and changes. We introduce a spatially resolved zonation where ICESat samples are grouped into units of similar glacier behaviour, glacier type, and topographic settings. In several regions, our new zonation reveals local differences and anomalies that have not been described previously. A step-increase in precipitation around 1997–2000 on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) caused thickening of glaciers in the Eastern Pamirs, Kunlun Shan and central TP by 0.1–0.7 m a−1. The thickening anomaly has a crisp boundary in the Eastern Pamir that continues just north of the central Karakoram. Glaciers in the south and east of the TP were thinning, with increasing rates towards southeast. The precipitation increase is reflected by growth of endorheic lakes in particular in the northern and eastern TP. We estimate lake volume changes through a combination of repeat lake extents from Landsat data and shoreline elevations from ICESat and the SRTM DEM for over 1300 lakes. The rise in water volume contained in the lakes corresponds to 4–25 m a−1, when distributed over entire catchments, for the areas where we see glacier thickening. The precipitation increase is also visible in sparse in-situ measurements and MERRA-2 climate reanalysis data, but less well in ERA Interim reanalysis data. Considering evaporation loss, the difference between average annual precipitation during the 1990s and 2000s suggested by these datasets is 34–100 m a−1, depending on region, which can fully explain both lake growth, and glacier thickening (Kunlun Shan) or glacier geometry changes (eastern TP). The precipitation increase reflected in these glacier changes possibly extended to the northern slopes of the Tarim Basin, where glaciers were nearly in balance in 2003–2008. Along the entire Himalaya, glaciers on the first orographic ridge, which are exposed to abundant precipitation, are thinning less than glaciers in the dryer climate of the inner ranges. Thinning rates in the Tien Shan vary spatially but are rather stronger than in other parts of HMA.

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“…Meanwhile, the decrease of compound extremes for Central China may be partly due to the increase in precipitation during summer in parts of this region [45] as well as the decrease in summer mean maximum temperature [46]. For example, it has been shown in previous studies that the cooling trend coexists with wetting trend in Central China (especially in the middle/lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley) during summer, which may be linked to the warming trend in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Indian Ocean that affects the interdecadal variability of the summer climate in China by changes in the Hadley circulation and subtropical high over the northwest Pacific [47][48][49]. Parts of Northeast China (i.e., Heilongjiang and Jilin province) also showed a decrease of compound extremes, which may partly result from the increase in precipitation (and the decrease in potential evaporation) and the cooling effect of agricultural irrigation [50,51] that affects the land atmospheric interaction.…”

Section: Changes In the Frequency Of Compound Droughts And Hot Extremesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Compound Droughts and Hot Extremes in China

Hao

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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Droughts and hot extremes may lead to tremendous impacts on the ecosystem and different sectors of the society. A variety of studies have been conducted on the variability of the individual drought or hot extreme in China. However, the evaluation of compound droughts and hot extremes, which may induce even larger impacts than the individual drought or hot extreme, is still lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the frequency and spatial extent of compound droughts and hot extremes during summer in China using monthly precipitation and daily temperature data from 1953 to 2012. Results show that a high frequency of compound droughts and hot extremes mostly occur in the regions stretching from northeast to southwest of China. There is an overall increase in the frequency of co-occurrence of droughts and hot extremes across most parts of China with distinct regional patterns. In addition, an increasing trend in the areas covered by compound extremes has been observed, especially after the 1990s. At regional scales, the increase of the frequency and spatial extent of compound extremes has been shown to be most profound in North China (NC), South China (SC), and Southwest China (SWC), while the decrease of compound extremes was found in Central China (CC). These results show the variability of compound droughts and hot extremes and could provide useful insights into the mitigation efforts of extreme events in China.

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Daily extreme precipitation and trends over China

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

Recent glacier and lake changes in High Mountain Asia and their relation to precipitation changes

Recent glacier and lake changes in High Mountain Asia and their relation to precipitation changes

High Mountain Asia glacier elevation trends 2003–2008, lake volume changes 1990–2015, and their relation to precipitation changes

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Compound Droughts and Hot Extremes in China

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