Daily Experiences With Heterosexism: Relations Between Heterosexist Hassles and Psychological Well-Being

Swim, Janet K.; Johnston, Kristen E.; Pearson, Nicholas B.

doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.5.597

Cited by 103 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Eldahan and colleagues (2016) did not report whether these negative self-appraisals were related to experiences of discrimination, though it is plausible that such experiences would be related to stress and insecurity about one’s SGM status. To this extent, a possible mechanism through which daily discrimination elevates risk for nicotine and substance use within day is by evoking feelings of shame and personal dissatisfaction—in addition to feelings of anger, anxiety, sadness, and depression (Hatzenbuehler et al, 2009; Swim et al, 2009)—which may result in using substances to manage these feelings. This pathway is supported by cross sectional and longitudinal findings linking discrimination to substance use directly and indirectly through the mediated path of psychological distress (Livingston, Christianson, & Cochran, 2016), and through coping motives for use (Kuerbis et al, 2017; Boyle, LaBrie, Costine, & Witkovic, 2017; Feinstein & Newcomb, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily SGM-based discrimination (henceforth, “discrimination”) has been linked to greater anger, anxiety, sadness, depression, shame, low self-esteem, and feelings of rejection (Nadal et al, 2011; Hatzenbuehler, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Dovidio, 2009; Swim et al, 2009); and longitudinal research supports a prospective association between past discrimination and subsequent substance use among SGM individuals (Hatzenbuehler, Corbin, & Fromme, 2011; Hatzenbuehler, 2009). Researchers have also found a relationship between the relatively stable structural forms of stigma (i.e., state level legal protections for SGM individuals) and daily tobacco and alcohol use, as measured through daily diary reports (Pachankis, Hatzenbuehler, & Starks, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological momentary assessment of daily discrimination experiences and nicotine, alcohol, and drug use among sexual and gender minority individuals.

Livingston¹,

Flentje²,

Heck³

et al. 2017

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

101

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Objectives Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals experience elevated rates of minority stress, which has been linked to higher rates of nicotine and substance use. Research on this disparity to date is largely predicated on methodology that is insensitive to within day SGM-based discrimination experiences, or their relation to momentary nicotine and substance use risk. We address this knowledge gap in the current study using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Method Fifty SGM individuals, between 18 and 45, were recruited from an inland Northwestern University, regardless of their nicotine or substance use history, and invited to participate in an EMA study. Each were prompted to provide data, six times daily (between 10am and 10pm) for 14 days, regarding SGM-based discrimination, other forms of mistreatment, and nicotine, drug, and alcohol use since their last prompt. Results Discrimination experiences that occurred since individuals’ last measurement prompt were associated with greater odds of nicotine and substance use during the same measurement window. Substance use was also more likely to occur in relation to discrimination reported two measurements prior in lagged models. Relative to other forms of mistreatment, discrimination effects were consistently larger in magnitude and became stronger throughout the day/evening. Conclusion This study adds to existing minority stress research by highlighting the both immediate and delayed correlates of daily SGM-based discrimination experiences. These results also contribute to our understanding of daily stress processes and provide insight into ways we might mitigate these effects using real-time monitoring and intervention technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological momentary assessment of daily discrimination experiences and nicotine, alcohol, and drug use among sexual and gender minority individuals.

Livingston¹,

Flentje²,

Heck³

et al. 2017

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Yet for members of stigmatized groups faced with quotidian prejudice and discrimination, such as gay men and lesbian women (Swim, Johnston, & Pearson, 2009), concealment may also represent an active coping strategy (Miller & Kaiser, 2001; Miller & Major, 2000). Specifically, it is possible that the negative health effects of minority stress may be attenuated for gay men and lesbian women who conceal their identities to some degree.…”

Section: Concealment and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minority stress and inflammatory mediators: covering moderates associations between perceived discrimination and salivary interleukin-6 in gay men

Doyle

Molix

2016

J Behav Med

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Physical health disparities by sexual orientation are widespread yet under-investigated. Drawing upon theories of biological embedding of social adversity, we tested whether minority stress (in the form of perceived discrimination) is associated with salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory mediator. Furthermore, we examined whether covering, a strategy involving downplaying a stigmatized social identity, modified this association. A community sample (N = 99) of gay men (n = 78) and lesbian women (n = 21) completed self-report measures of minority stress and identity management and provided saliva samples which were assayed for IL-6. Among gay men, results from generalized linear models supported a hypothesized interaction between perceived discrimination and covering, such that perceived discrimination was predictive of higher levels of IL-6 for those who engaged in less covering but not for those who engaged in more covering. This interaction was robust to a number of potential covariates (alcohol, medication, body mass index, race and age). Results for lesbian women suggested a different pattern: the only statistically significant association detected was between greater perceived discrimination and lower levels of IL-6. Findings from the current study point to an important role for inflammatory processes in understanding and remediating health disparities based upon sexual orientation that stem from exposure to prejudice and discrimination.

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“…Lesbian and gay college students are also more likely than their peers to experience harassment and violence on campus (Eddy & Forney, 2000). These experiences are both associated with poor mental health outcomes for lesbian and gay students (Hershberger & D'Augelli, 1995;Swim, Johnston, & Pearson, 2009). The perception of prejudice from peers also appears to have negative consequences, including social isolation and poor academic performance (Cramer, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Prejudice Among Barbadian University Students

Gromer

Campbell

Gomory

et al. 2013

Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services

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The level of sexual prejudice on university campuses has implications for the health and well-being of gay and lesbian students, and research on sexual prejudice in the Eastern Caribbean is extremely limited. This study assesses the individual attitudes of 251 Barbadian students toward lesbian and gay people using two psychometric inventories. It also examines differences in attitudes as a function of demographic variables including gender, religiosity, and personal acquaintance with lesbian or gay people. The Barbadian students evidenced diverse attitudes, with the average student displaying a moderate amount of sexual prejudice toward lesbian and gay people. Religiosity predicted more negative attitudes toward both lesbians and gay men. Being male predicted more sexual prejudice against gay men, but not against lesbians. Finally, personal acquaintance with a gay or lesbian person did not have a statistically significant relationship with sexual prejudice. This study is among the first of its kind and may serve as a guide to other researchers seeking to further explore attitudes toward lesbian and gay people among Eastern Caribbean students or among Barbadians in general.

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Daily Experiences With Heterosexism: Relations Between Heterosexist Hassles and Psychological Well-Being

Cited by 103 publications

References 49 publications

Ecological momentary assessment of daily discrimination experiences and nicotine, alcohol, and drug use among sexual and gender minority individuals.

Ecological momentary assessment of daily discrimination experiences and nicotine, alcohol, and drug use among sexual and gender minority individuals.

Minority stress and inflammatory mediators: covering moderates associations between perceived discrimination and salivary interleukin-6 in gay men

Sexual Prejudice Among Barbadian University Students

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