Daily concordance between ecological stressors and sleep in young minority children during the pre-COVID-19 outbreak period

Abstract

Objective As the COVID-19 pandemic brings widespread changes in families, the sociology of sleep becomes noticeable. Yet, the socio-contextual determinants of a biopsychosocial phenomenon as sleep are poorly investigated. We examine changes concomitantly occurring in the child's sleep per familial and community stressors. Methods During the pre-COVID-19 outbreak period, in 24 minority children (5.4±1.7 years old, 54.2% girls), sleep was objectively measured 24-hours for two consecutive weeks, and this was repeated three times over the study period of three months. The caregiver filled out questionnaires surveying sociodemographic, community and family aspects. Results Children went to bed at 22:26 and woke up at 07:04, with each a variability of about 50 minutes. Money and time were revealed as related key stressors to sleep. Five dimensions best fitted their association. In general, concurrent changes within the individual child indicate that mean sleep variables seem to relate to predominantly features of the stressors (explained variance of 34.7% to 56.7%), while variability of sleep tends to associate to situational aspects of the stressors (explained variance of 30.4% to 61.8%). Associations were best explained in terms of the 24-hour dimension, particularly exposing sleep variability. Conclusion Individual variabilities in a child's sleep are associated with familial resources, such as caregiver's time to self, money and basic needs. Time spent in bed, a modifiable factor by society and shaper of sleep quantity and quality, plays a key role in stressor-sleep associations. Insights from biopsychosocial perspectives may be valuable for understanding COVID-19 sleep studies, and the development of (post-)COVID-19 sleep recommendations.