Daily changes in β-adrenergic sensitivity of rat submandibular gland. Correlation with β-adrenoceptor rhythm.

Vacas, María I.; Elverdín, Juan C.; Chiarenza, A.P.; Luchelli, M.

doi:10.1016/s1566-0702(01)00226-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1996). It remains to be elucidated whether photoperiodic variations in adrenergic sensitivity, as reported here, may result from adaptive changes in the number of β‐receptors, as recently reported to be the case in the submandibular gland, another structure innervated by sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglia (Vacas et al . 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…It is tempting to postulate that the photoperiodic adaptation corresponds to an autoregulatory process of adrenergic systems as several genes that are under circadian/adrenergic pathway seem to adapt to prior entraining cycles (Foulkes et al 1996). It remains to be elucidated whether photoperiodic variations in adrenergic sensitivity, as reported here, may result from adaptive changes in the number of b-receptors, as recently reported to be the case in the submandibular gland, another structure innervated by sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglia (Vacas et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Adrenergic inducibility of AP‐1 binding in the rat pineal gland depends on prior photoperiod

Guillaumond

Becquet

Bosler

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The main known function of the pineal gland in mammals is the temporal synchronization of physiological rhythms to seasonal changes of day length (photoperiod). In rat, the transcription factor activating protein-1 (AP-1) displays a circadian rhythm in its DNA binding in the pineal gland, which results from the rhythmic expression of Fra-2. We postulated that, if AP-1 is an important component of pineal gland functioning, then variations in photoperiodic conditions should lead to an adaptation of the AP-1 binding rhythm. Here we show that AP-1 binding patterns adapt to variations in lighting conditions, in the same way as the rhythm of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) activity. This adaptation appeared to result from photoperiodic adaptation of the rhythmic fra-2 gene expression and was reflected by an adapted delay between the onset of night and the acrophase of the nocturnal peak. We further showed that photoperiodic adaptation of both the AP-1 binding and AA-NAT activity rhythms resulted from adapted changes in adrenergic inducibility of both variables at night onset. We finally provided evidence that AP-1 shared with the CREM gene encoding the transcriptional repressor protein inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) the ability to be hypersensitive or subsensitive to adrenergic stimuli, depending on prior photoperiod.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Adrenergic inducibility of AP‐1 binding in the rat pineal gland depends on prior photoperiod

Guillaumond

Becquet

Bosler

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…S2). There are daily rhythms in sensitivity to catecholamines in different organ systems including the heart, due in part to the down-regulation of adrenergic receptors after stimulation (23,(37)(38)(39). The circadian-mediated rapid rise in epinephrine that we observed at ≈8:00 AM may be particularly problematic in the setting of the concomitant circadian peak in cortisol because cortisol has permissive effects on adrenergic receptors (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Impact of the human circadian system, exercise, and their interaction on cardiovascular function

Scheer

Evoniuk

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

248

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The risk of adverse cardiovascular events peaks in the morning (≈9:00 AM) with a secondary peak in the evening (≈8:00 PM) and a trough at night. This pattern is generally believed to be caused by the day/night distribution of behavioral triggers, but it is unknown whether the endogenous circadian system contributes to these daily fluctuations. Thus, we tested the hypotheses that the circadian system modulates autonomic, hemodynamic, and hemostatic risk markers at rest, and that behavioral stressors have different effects when they occur at different internal circadian phases. Twelve healthy adults were each studied in a 240-h forced desynchrony protocol in dim light while standardized rest and exercise periods were uniformly distributed across the circadian cycle. At rest, there were large circadian variations in plasma cortisol (peak-to-trough ≈85% of mean, peaking at a circadian phase corresponding to ≈9:00 AM) and in circulating catecholamines (epinephrine, ≈70%; norepinephrine, ≈35%, peaking during the biological day). At ≈8:00 PM, there was a circadian peak in blood pressure and a trough in cardiac vagal modulation. Sympathetic variables were consistently lowest and vagal markers highest during the biological night. We detected no simple circadian effect on hemostasis, although platelet aggregability had two peaks: at ≈noon and ≈11:00 PM. There was circadian modulation of the cardiovascular reactivity to exercise, with greatest vagal withdrawal at ≈9:00 AM and peaks in catecholamine reactivity at ≈9:00 AM and ≈9:00 PM. Thus, the circadian system modulates numerous cardiovascular risk markers at rest as well as their reactivity to exercise, with resultant profiles that could potentially contribute to the day/night pattern of adverse cardiovascular events.

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The Visceral Nervous System and its Environments

Recordati

2002

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Starting from the observation of the relationships of the biological system with its environments and of the genetically determined neuronal properties of plasticity and rhythmicity, it is possible to propose a new hypothesis about the functional role and organization of the visceral nervous system based on the physical model of the Dissipative Structure by I. Prigogine. The similarily between the visceral nervous system function and this model is supported by the following observations: (1) The visceral nervous system is a complex system, composed of many interacting units, which works away from thermodynamic equilibrium; (2) the functional organization of the nervous system is strongly dependent on internal and external environmental stimuli; (3) it is characterized by the presence of rhythms and periodic behaviors and (4) the internal order of the system is maintained in the continuous interplay between function, structure and #uctuations. On the basis of the present hypothesis, a few general principles can be formulated: (1) the higher brain centers, the #uid matrix and the external world, are the visceral nervous system natural environments; (2) with which it is plastically interfaced as a thermodynamic dissipative structure; (3) its main functional role is to regulate, distribute and maintain ordered exchanges of matter, energy and information between these environments. The present is a general interpretation of the operations of the visceral nervous system as a whole. In the frame of this interpretation the hypotheses so far formulated, including the homeostatic theory, can be viewed as the description of discrete and complementary aspects of the visceral nervous system functions. Academic Press

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Daily changes in β-adrenergic sensitivity of rat submandibular gland. Correlation with β-adrenoceptor rhythm.

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Adrenergic inducibility of AP‐1 binding in the rat pineal gland depends on prior photoperiod

Adrenergic inducibility of AP‐1 binding in the rat pineal gland depends on prior photoperiod

Impact of the human circadian system, exercise, and their interaction on cardiovascular function

The Visceral Nervous System and its Environments

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