Daily and seasonal variation in wolf activity in the Bieszczady Mountains, SE Poland

Eggermann, Julia; Gula, Roman; Pirga, Bartosz; Theuerkauf, Jörn; Tsunoda, Hiroshi; Brzezowska, Barbara; Rouys, Sophie; Radler, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2008.05.010

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, our estimated diel pattern was most likely representative of the diel pattern during the non-overlapping years because it was: (1) correlated with the time of day that we directly observed wolves encountering (r = 0.79) and killing (r = 0.87) elk during the non-overlapping years (Fig. 2a); (2) consistent across the years in which it was measured (Appendix S3); and (3) similar to diel patterns described for other wolf populations (Eggermann et al 2009, Theuerkauf et al 2003, 2009, Vander Vennen et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Diel predator activity drives a dynamic landscape of fear

Kohl

Stahler

Metz

et al. 2017

Preprint

101

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Diel predator activity drives a dynamic landscape of fear

Kohl

Stahler

Metz

et al. 2017

Preprint

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Previous studies report that adult females with pups were less active during the denning season (Ballard et al 1991;Mech et al 1995;Vilà et al 1995;Jędrzejewski et al 2001;Theuerkauf et al 2003a;Schmidt et al 2008). The activity of the female we monitored in this study was lower than the mean activity of wolves in our study area (Eggermann et al 2008), suggesting that she too reduced her activity while she cared for the pups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Breeding males, on the other hand, attend the den site less frequently than the adult females (Harrington and Mech 1982;Ballard et al 1991;Potvin et al 2004), but contribute by feeding the female and therefore spend most of the time hunting away from the den (Mech 1999). Wolves in our study area probably hunt mostly at dawn (Eggermann et al 2008), which would explain why this was the time when the breeding male was almost never at the den. Previous studies report that adult females with pups were less active during the denning season (Ballard et al 1991;Mech et al 1995;Vilà et al 1995;Jędrzejewski et al 2001;Theuerkauf et al 2003a;Schmidt et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

How does parental role influence the activity and movements of breeding wolves?

Tsunoda

Gula

Theuerkauf

et al. 2008

J Ethol

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We studied the activity and movements of a male and a female wolf during breeding in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland. The female was less active and mobile and on average closer to the den than the male. The male was less active and mobile when the pack size was seven compared to a year when the pack consisted only of the breeding pair. We conclude that the roles played by breeding males and females rearing pups influence their activity, and that breeding males in larger packs move less during the nursing period because of help by other pack members.

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“…(1997) in Italy and Kojola (2002) in Finland, in which wolves were mainly nocturnal, were shorter than a year. These studies might therefore not have sampled the complete activity patterns of wolves in their respective areas, because wolf activity patterns are very variable (Eggermann et al. 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Drives Wolves: Fear or Hunger? Humans, Diet, Climate and Wolf Activity Patterns

Theuerkauf

2009

Ethology

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Activity patterns of animals depend on environmental and intrinsic factors. Studies undertaken across the current wolf (Canis lupus) range suggested a number of variables that may be correlated with activity patterns of wolves. These factors vary locally and there has been no attempt so far at defining those that ubiquitously impact wolf behaviour. I compared 11 studies (from Alaska to Israel) to assess the influence of (1) public road density, (2) human population density, (3) human‐caused mortality, (4) proportion of domestic animals in wolf diet, (5) proportion of forest, (6) latitude and (7) mean annual temperature on nocturnal wolf activity and movements. Nocturnal activity was mainly correlated to the proportion of domestic animals in the diet and the density of public roads, whereas nocturnal movements were mainly correlated to latitude. The importance of latitude indicates that sun periodicity might represent an important signal (`Zeitgeber') for circadian rhythms in wolves. Environmental constraints such as high temperatures during the day and a higher hunting success in crepuscular periods probably limit the ability of wolves to avoid humans by nocturnal behaviour. I therefore suggest that in regions where wolves hunt wild prey, they experience a trade‐off between predation risk by humans and increased hunting success during twilight hours.

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Daily and seasonal variation in wolf activity in the Bieszczady Mountains, SE Poland

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Diel predator activity drives a dynamic landscape of fear

Diel predator activity drives a dynamic landscape of fear

How does parental role influence the activity and movements of breeding wolves?

What Drives Wolves: Fear or Hunger? Humans, Diet, Climate and Wolf Activity Patterns

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