Daily access to sucrose impairs aspects of spatial memory tasks reliant on pattern separation and neural proliferation in rats

Reichelt, Amy C.; Morris, Margaret J.; Westbrook, R. Frederick

doi:10.1101/lm.042416.116

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to continuous access to cafeteria diet, we found that intermittent diet exposure in females (Cycle group) generated an intermediate phenotype, with moderate increases in energy intake and adiposity, perturbed fecal microbiome composition, but no cognitive impairment. This pattern of access to a cafeteria diet has been shown to spare spatial recognition in male rats 17 , which is interesting, as poor diet has been shown to impair cognition when presented in a daily limited access model 41 and when excess energy intake is prevented 10 . Such intermittent access to cafeteria may spare cognition through the hypophagia exhibited during access to healthy chow, as both chronic 42 and intermittent 43 caloric restriction have been shown to improve cognition in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Intermittent cafeteria diet identifies fecal microbiome changes as a predictor of spatial recognition memory impairment in female rats

et al. 2020

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Excessive consumption of diets high in saturated fat and sugar impairs short-term spatial recognition memory in both humans and rodents. Several studies have identified associations between the observed behavioral phenotype and diet-induced changes in adiposity, hippocampal gene expression of inflammatory and blood-brain barrier-related markers, and gut microbiome composition. However, the causal role of such variables in producing cognitive impairments remains unclear. As intermittent cafeteria diet access produces an intermediate phenotype, we contrasted continuous and intermittent diet access to identify specific changes in hippocampal gene expression and microbial species that underlie the cognitive impairment observed in rats fed continuous cafeteria diet. Female adult rats were fed either regular chow, continuous cafeteria diet, or intermittent cafeteria diet cycles (4 days regular chow and 3 days cafeteria) for 7 weeks (12 rats per group). Any cafeteria diet exposure affected metabolic health, hippocampal gene expression, and gut microbiota, but only continuous access impaired short-term spatial recognition memory. Multiple regression identified an operational taxonomic unit, from species Muribaculum intestinale, as a significant predictor of performance in the novel place recognition task. Thus, contrasting intermittent and continuous cafeteria diet exposure allowed us to identify specific changes in microbial species abundance and growth as potential underlying mechanisms relevant to diet-induced cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Intermittent cafeteria diet identifies fecal microbiome changes as a predictor of spatial recognition memory impairment in female rats

et al. 2020

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“…Similarity of the locations can be manipulated by varying the distance between the objects within a circular arena surrounded by distal spatial cues. The s-SLR, but not the l-SLR is sensitive to DG manipulations like blockade of BDNF ( Bekinschtein et al 2013 ) or adult neurogenesis ( Bekinschtein et al 2014b ; Reichelt et al 2016 ). Infusion of Arc-ASO in Prh 2 h before the sample phase did not produce any observable deficit in the SLR task for any of the conditions ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms in Perirhinal Cortex Selectively Necessary for Discrimination of Overlapping Memories, but Independent of Memory Persistence

Miranda

Kent

Morici

et al. 2017

eNeuro

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Successful memory involves not only remembering over time but also keeping memories distinct. The ability to separate similar experiences into distinct memories is a main feature of episodic memory. Discrimination of overlapping representations has been investigated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG), but little is known about this process in other regions such as the perirhinal cortex (Prh). We found in male rats that perirhinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for separable storage of overlapping, but not distinct, object representations, which is identical to its role in the DG for spatial representations. Also, activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) is required for disambiguation of object memories, as measured by infusion of antisense oligonucleotides. This is the first time Arc has been implicated in the discrimination of objects with overlapping features. Although molecular mechanisms for object memory have been shown previously in Prh, these have been dependent on delay, suggesting a role specifically in memory duration. BDNF and Arc involvement were independent of delay—the same demand for memory persistence was present in all conditions—but only when discrimination of similar objects was required were these mechanisms recruited and necessary. Finally, we show that BDNF and Arc participate in the same pathway during consolidation of overlapping object memories. We provide novel evidence regarding the proteins involved in disambiguation of object memories outside the DG and suggest that, despite the anatomical differences, similar mechanisms underlie this process in the DG and Prh that are engaged depending on the similarity of the stimuli.

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“…Hippocampal neurogenesis, and more specifically the integration of adult-born neurons into the hippocampal circuitry, is important in learning and memory processes (Koehl and Abrous, 2011 ) and is shown to be reduced in high sugar (Van der Borght et al, 2011 ; Reichelt et al, 2016b ) and high fat diet consuming rodents (Park et al, 2010 ; Boitard et al, 2012 ). Neurogenesis occurs at higher levels in the hippocampus during adolescence compared to adulthood (Crews et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Behavioral and Cognitive Changes Following Adolescent High Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Maturational Transitions in the Prefrontal Cortex and Dopamine Signaling as a Risk Factor for the Development of Obesity and High Fat/High Sugar Diet Induced Cognitive Deficits

Reichelt

2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Adolescence poses as both a transitional period in neurodevelopment and lifestyle practices. In particular, the developmental trajectory of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a critical region for behavioral control and self-regulation, is enduring, not reaching functional maturity until the early 20 s in humans. Furthermore, the neurotransmitter dopamine is particularly abundant during adolescence, tuning the brain to rapidly learn about rewards and regulating aspects of neuroplasticity. Thus, adolescence is proposed to represent a period of vulnerability towards reward-driven behaviors such as the consumption of palatable high fat and high sugar diets. This is reflected in the increasing prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents as they are the greatest consumers of “junk foods”. Excessive consumption of diets laden in saturated fat and refined sugars not only leads to weight gain and the development of obesity, but experimental studies with rodents indicate they evoke cognitive deficits in learning and memory process by disrupting neuroplasticity and altering reward processing neurocircuitry. Consumption of these high fat and high sugar diets have been reported to have a particularly pronounced impact on cognition when consumed during adolescence, demonstrating a susceptibility of the adolescent brain to enduring cognitive deficits. The adolescent brain, with heightened reward sensitivity and diminished behavioral control compared to the mature adult brain, appears to be a risk for aberrant eating behaviors that may underpin the development of obesity. This review explores the neurodevelopmental changes in the PFC and mesocortical dopamine signaling that occur during adolescence, and how these potentially underpin the overconsumption of palatable food and development of obesogenic diet-induced cognitive deficits.

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Daily access to sucrose impairs aspects of spatial memory tasks reliant on pattern separation and neural proliferation in rats

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Intermittent cafeteria diet identifies fecal microbiome changes as a predictor of spatial recognition memory impairment in female rats

Intermittent cafeteria diet identifies fecal microbiome changes as a predictor of spatial recognition memory impairment in female rats

Molecular Mechanisms in Perirhinal Cortex Selectively Necessary for Discrimination of Overlapping Memories, but Independent of Memory Persistence

Adolescent Maturational Transitions in the Prefrontal Cortex and Dopamine Signaling as a Risk Factor for the Development of Obesity and High Fat/High Sugar Diet Induced Cognitive Deficits

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