Daedalus MASE (mission assessment through simulation exercise): A toolset for analysis of in situ missions and for processing global circulation model outputs in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere

Sarris, T. E.; Tourgaidis, Stelios; Pirnaris, Panagiotis; Baloukidis, Dimitris; Papadakis, Konstantinos; Psychalas, Christos; Buchert, Stephan; Doornbos, Eelco; Clilverd, Mark A.; Verronen, Pekka T.; Malaspina, D.; Ahmadi, Narghes; Dandouras, I.; Kotova, Anna; Miloch, W. J.; Knudsen, D. J.; Olsen, Nils; Marghitu, Octav; Matsuo, Tomoko; Lu, G.; Marchaudon, A.; Hoffmann, Alex; Lajas, Dulce; Strømme, A.; Taylor, M. G. G. T.; Aikio, Anita; Palmroth, Minna; Heelis, R. A.; Ivchenko, Nickolay; Stolle, Claudia; Kervalishvili, Guram; Moretto-Jørgensen, Therese; Pfaff, R. F.; Siemes, Christian; Visser, Pieter; IJssel, José van den; Liu, Hanli; Sandberg, Ingmar; Papadimitriou, Constantinos; Vogt, Joachim; Blăgău, A.; Stachlys, Nele

doi:10.3389/fspas.2022.1048318

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This was done according to Equation 12 of T. E. Sarris et al. (2023), where, by expanding Equation for Joule heating, we obtain:

{q}_{{\Omega }}={\sigma }_{P}{\left(\vec{E}+{\vec{u}}_{n}\times \vec{B}\right)}^{2}=\underset{{q}_{c}}{\underbrace{{\sigma }_{P}{E}^{2}}}+\underset{{q}_{w}}{\underbrace{{\sigma }_{P}\vert {\vec{u}}_{n}\times \vec{B}{\vert }^{2}-2{\sigma }_{P}{\vec{u}}_{n}\cdot \left(\vec{E}\times \vec{B}\right)}}

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Assessment of the Distribution of Joule Heating in Altitude as Estimated in TIE‐GCM and EISCAT Over One Solar Cycle

Baloukidis,

Sarris,

Tourgaidis

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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During geomagnetically active times, Joule (or frictional) heating in the Lower Thermosphere‐Ionosphere is a significant source of thermal energy, greatly affecting density, temperature, composition and circulation. At the same time, Joule heating and the associated Pedersen conductivity are amongst the least known parameters in the upper atmosphere in terms of their quantification and spatial distribution, and their parameterization by geomagnetic parameters shows large discrepancies between estimation methodologies, primarily due to a lack of comprehensive measurements in the region where they maximize. In this work we perform a long‐term statistical comparison of Joule heating as calculated by the NCAR Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM) and as obtained through radar measurements by the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT). Statistical estimates of Joule heating and Pedersen conductivity are obtained from a simulation run over the 11 year period spanning from 2009 until 2019 and from radar measurements over the same period, during times of radar measurements. The results are statistically compared in different Magnetic Local Time sectors and Kp level ranges in terms of median values and percentiles of altitude profiles. It is found that Joule heating and Pedersen conductivity are higher on average in TIE‐GCM than in EISCAT for low Kp and are lower than EISCAT for high Kp. It is also found that neutral winds cannot account for the discrepancies between TIE‐GCM and EISCAT. Comparisons point toward the need for a Kp‐dependent parameterization of Joule heating in TIE‐GCM to account for the contribution of small scale effects.

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“…This was done according to Equation 12 of T. E. Sarris et al. (2023), where, by expanding Equation for Joule heating, we obtain:

{q}_{{\Omega }}={\sigma }_{P}{\left(\vec{E}+{\vec{u}}_{n}\times \vec{B}\right)}^{2}=\underset{{q}_{c}}{\underbrace{{\sigma }_{P}{E}^{2}}}+\underset{{q}_{w}}{\underbrace{{\sigma }_{P}\vert {\vec{u}}_{n}\times \vec{B}{\vert }^{2}-2{\sigma }_{P}{\vec{u}}_{n}\cdot \left(\vec{E}\times \vec{B}\right)}}

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Assessment of the Distribution of Joule Heating in Altitude as Estimated in TIE‐GCM and EISCAT Over One Solar Cycle

Baloukidis,

Sarris,

Tourgaidis

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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“…Furthermore, for an ion population that consists of i species with N i number densities, where i = O + 2 , NO + , O + , …, ion composition and the ion-neutral collision frequency, ν in are needed in order to calculate the relevant equivalent expressions for frictional heating, according to Strangeway (2012) (eq. 28); the equivalence between the two expressions for Joule and frictional heating is described in Sarris et al (2022a). With respect to the ion neutral collision frequencies, ν in , it is noted in particular that in the LTI system the interactions of ions and neutrals influence the velocities, temperatures and densities of both species, thus playing a vital role in momentum and energy exchange between the thermosphere and the ionosphere.…”

Section: On the Need For In Situ Lower Thermosphere-ionosphere Measur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such direct measurements in the LTI can only be performed by an in situ mission of a fully instrumented spacecraft, which flies at optimal orbital configurations that permit detailed, in-depth analyses of the physical processes both via event studies as well as via statistical studies of the behavior of the LTI region as a function of local time, latitude, season, and 10.3389/fspas.2022.1063190 magnetic activity. The ability of an in situ mission to statistically represent global processes and the global state of the LTI as a function of geomagnetic latitude, local time and activity levels by measurements performed over the mission's lifetime has been demonstrated in ESA Daedalus RfA (2020) for the case of the Daedalus mission concept by performing mission performance demonstration simulations using Daedalus MASE (Mission Assessment through Simulation Exercise), an opensource package of scientific analysis tools aimed at research in the LTI (Sarris et al, 2022a).…”

Section: On the Need For In Situ Lower Thermosphere-ionosphere Measur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mission concepts promise to offer an order-of-magnitude or more measurements than are currently available: as shown in Figure 5, whereas the total observation time at altitudes below 200 km is only 60.3 h from all past in situ measurements combined, the targeted total observation time from a 3-year in situ mission dedicated to studying LTI processes is ∼2000 h at altitudes < 200 km. These estimates are based on the Daedalus mission concept, and coverage times are calculated using the Daedalus MASE mission simulator (Sarris et al, 2022a). MAVEN, an active Mars mission, successfully performs measurements in the Martian thermosphere-ionosphere (Jakosky et al, 2015); such measurements are still lacking at the Earth's upper atmosphere.…”

Section: Notional Concept For a Space Mission To Sample The Lower The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma-neutral interactions in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere: The need for in situ measurements to address focused questions

Sarris

Palmroth

Aikio

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The lower thermosphere-ionosphere (LTI) is a key transition region between Earth’s atmosphere and space. Interactions between ions and neutrals maximize within the LTI and in particular at altitudes from 100 to 200 km, which is the least visited region of the near-Earth environment. The lack of in situ co-temporal and co-spatial measurements of all relevant parameters and their elusiveness to most remote-sensing methods means that the complex interactions between its neutral and charged constituents remain poorly characterized to this date. This lack of measurements, together with the ambiguity in the quantification of key processes in the 100–200 km altitude range affect current modeling efforts to expand atmospheric models upward to include the LTI and limit current space weather prediction capabilities. We present focused questions in the LTI that are related to the complex interactions between its neutral and charged constituents. These questions concern core physical processes that govern the energetics, dynamics, and chemistry of the LTI and need to be addressed as fundamental and long-standing questions in this critically unexplored boundary region. We also outline the range of in situ measurements that are needed to unambiguously quantify key LTI processes within this region, and present elements of an in situ concept based on past proposed mission concepts.

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“…packages where the characterization of FAC system is needed or beneficial. Three such packages are discussed in this Frontiers special issue: the SwarmPAL package (see Smith et al, 2022a) aimed to provide a range of analysis and visualization tools for Swarm data product, the DaedalusMASE package (see Sarris and Tourgaidis, 2022) developed for the study of the Lower Thermosphere-Ionosphere region, and the Lompe (Local Mapping of Polar Ionospheric Electrodynamics) package (see Hovland and Laundal, 2022) where FAC currents, derived from Swarm data as well as from platform magnetometers data like Cryosat, GOCE and GRACE, could be used as additional input. In principle, adjusting the SwarmFACE singlesatellite routine for processing other data sets is not expected to be difficult.…”

Section: • Integrate Swarmface or Parts Of It In Other Pythonmentioning

confidence: 99%

SwarmFACE: A Python package for field-aligned currents exploration with Swarm

Blăgău

Vogt

2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The SwarmFACE package utilizes magnetic field measurements by the Swarm satellites to study systems of field-aligned currents (FACs). Improvements of well-established techniques as well as novel single- and multi-satellite methods or satellite configurations are implemented to extend the characterization of FAC systems beyond the Swarm official Level-2 FAC product. Specifically, the included single-satellite algorithm allows to consider the FAC sheet inclination with respect to the satellite orbit and can work with low- or high-resolution data. For dual-satellite FAC estimation the package provides three algorithms, based on the least-squares, on the singular value decomposition, and on the Cartesian boundary-integral methods. These algorithms offer advantages over the corresponding Level-2 algorithm by providing more stable solutions for ‘extreme’ configurations, e.g. close to the orbital cross-point, and by allowing for a more general geometry of the spacecraft configuration. In addition, the singular value decomposition algorithm adapts itself to the spacecraft configuration, allowing for continuous, dual-satellite based FAC solutions over the entire polar region. Similarly, when Swarm forms a close configuration, the package offers the possibility to estimate the FAC density with a three-satellite method, obtaining additional information, associated to a different (larger) scale. All these algorithms are incorporating a robust framework for FAC error assessment. The SwarmFACE package further provides useful utilities to automatically estimate the auroral oval location or the intervals when Swarm forms a close configuration above the auroral oval. In addition, for each auroral oval crossing, a series of FAC quality indicators, related to the FAC methods’ underlying assumptions, can be estimated, like the current sheet inclination and planarity or the degree of current sheet stationarity.

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Daedalus MASE (mission assessment through simulation exercise): A toolset for analysis of in situ missions and for processing global circulation model outputs in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

A Comparative Assessment of the Distribution of Joule Heating in Altitude as Estimated in TIE‐GCM and EISCAT Over One Solar Cycle

A Comparative Assessment of the Distribution of Joule Heating in Altitude as Estimated in TIE‐GCM and EISCAT Over One Solar Cycle

Plasma-neutral interactions in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere: The need for in situ measurements to address focused questions

SwarmFACE: A Python package for field-aligned currents exploration with Swarm

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