Dacryoliths in Chronic Dacryocystitis and Their Composition (Spectrophotometric Analysis)

Abstract

The findings were the same in both cases. Histological examination revealed amorphous organic material, and limited areas with the characteristics of calcium salt depositions. Chemical analysis showed mainly organic material with only minimal inorganic material. Explanations are offered about the formation of these dacryoliths.

Measurement of pH, Electrolytes and Electrophoretic Studies of Tear Proteins in Tears of Patients with Dacryoliths: A Novel Concept for Dacryoliths

“…In this study, it is very interesting that the total calcium concentration was not high in PANDO patients with dacryoliths. The existing histological examination revealed amorphous organic material and limited areas with the characteristics of calcium salt deposition [10]. Although it is unclear whether this is a cause or a result of the dacryolith with a nasolacrimal duct obstruction, it is assumed that the unstable concentrations of electrolytes rather than the supersaturation of some electrolytes are related to the pathogenesis of dacryoliths.…”

Dacryoliths causing intermittent epiphora associated with a patent lacrimal system

“…Another theory is that chronic inflammation coupled with the factors described above can cause lacrimal wall changes, membrane formation, and accumulation of debris with alteration of microbial flora. These changes could precipitate dacryolith formation and microbial and fungal colonization as seen in both cases presented here (7) . Membrane formation that allows movement of the dacryolith or fragmentation of the dacryolith could improve fluid flow through the lacrimal sac and duct, which may explain the intermittent symptoms in some patients (7) .…”

“…These changes could precipitate dacryolith formation and microbial and fungal colonization as seen in both cases presented here (7) . Membrane formation that allows movement of the dacryolith or fragmentation of the dacryolith could improve fluid flow through the lacrimal sac and duct, which may explain the intermittent symptoms in some patients (7) . Cases of fungal colonization of dacryoliths have spurred some to question whether the dacryoliths are a result of chronic fungal dacryocystitis or whether the fungal growth occurs secondary to the alteration of the flow and dacryolith formation (3) .…”

“…Most patients with chronic tearing have drainage insufficiency caused by abnormalities anywhere along the outflow pathway including punctal disorders, canalicular or lacrimal pump deficiencies, lacrimal sac or duct abnormalities, or intranasal pathology. Lacrimal sac diverticula; alterations in the channel wall, flow, or fluid; chronic obstruction and inflammation of the sac; and Hasner valve abnormalities result in dehydration and denaturation of proteins in the tear ducts that could contribute to dacryolith formation (2,7) . Another theory is that chronic inflammation coupled with the factors described above can cause lacrimal wall changes, membrane formation, and accumulation of debris with alteration of microbial flora.…”

Analysis of inorganic elements in a dacryolith using polarised X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: a case report

“…Chemical analysis of the dacryoliths in literature had revealed calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphur, and some phosphorus. 2 High K þ ratio may be attributed to the accumulation of tear K þ in dacryolith by increased evaporation, resulting in unstable concentrations of electrolytes leading to crystal formation on the matrix. Additionally, Ti, TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Mn, and Fe were detected in the dacryolith of our study.…”