“…Given the importance of these compounds, many catalyst have been developed for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4 H -pyran such as Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @GPTMS@guanidine, 31 Fe 3 O 4 @GA@IG, 32 Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –NH 2 @TCT–guanidine, 33 boron nitride@Fe 3 O 4 , 34 montmorillonite, 35 GO-Fc@Fe 3 O 4 , 36 [EMIM][OH], 37 nano-SnO 2 , 38 sodium alginate, 39 [PEG(mim) 2 ][OH] 2 , 40 iodine, 41 cesium fluoride, 42 MNPs@Cu, 43 DABCO, 44 CeCl 3 ·7H 2 O, 45 Fe 3 O 4 @GA@IG, 46 EDA/(CH 2 ) 3 @SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 , 47 NH 4 H 2 PO 4 /Al 2 O 3 , 48 NiFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 @H 14 [NaP 5 W 30 O 110 ], 49 Ag/Fe 3 O 4 @starch, 50 per-6-NH 2 –β-CD, 51 Fe 3 O 4 @NH 2 @TCT@HOProCu, 52 and molecular iodine. 53 Despite some advantages of the reported methods, some of them suffer from various limitations such as high temperatures, reflux conditions, expensive reagents, harsh reaction conditions, extended reaction times, generation of waste materials, tedious work-up procedures, and low yields.…”