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Abstract

Three binary dye mixtures prepared from the basic textile dyes Astrazon Blue FGRL (AB), Astrazon Red GTLN (AR), and Astrazon Golden Yellow GL-E (AY), were employed to demonstrate two different mixture characteristics. The first type of mixture (AB + AY) was the case where the optical absorbance spectra of the dye mixtures exhibited double peaks. Each peak occurred at the same wavelength as the single dye and the area under each light absorbance curve varied with the concentration of the dye in the solution. The second type was the case of the other two mixture combinations (AR + AY and AB + AR) whose spectra exhibited a single peak. In this case, shifts of the spectral peaks were observed as the composition of the mixture changed, and the area beneath the light absorbance curve corresponded to the quantity of the dyes in the mixture. With these techniques, it was possible to determine the quantity of each individual dye component in the binary dye mixture. The application of these techniques was demonstrated through estimation of the amount of dye adsorbed from simulated dye wastewater by dried biomass of Caulerpa lentillifera.

Strong energy–momentum dispersion of phonon-dressed carriers in the lightly doped band insulator SrTiO3

“…2(e) and 2(f)). Since the surface band crosses the bulk band, it cannot be an eigenstate of the system but possibly a surface resonance state; this surface state is investigated further in smaller doping, x=0.001 samples [17]. We also note that in x = 0.01 samples a second bulk band is expected with a Fermi crossing near the surface band.…”

model one-electron renormalizations: High energy features in photoemission experiments on high cuprates

“…These experiments provide opportunity for new investigations about the electronic order behind cuprates. In spite of different experiments showing similar features, the interpretation is not unique 5,6,7,8,9,10 . For instance, Xie et al 6 argue that, near the Fermi level, the quasiparticle band breaks at about ∼ −350meV and, at higher energies follows the dispersion predicted by band structure calculation.…”

“…On the other hand, in Ref. [9], it was also obtained that high energy features lie at higher energies than the pre- vs ω in the full range of frequency. The self-energy is strongly asymmetric around ω = 0 reflecting differences between the addition and removal of a single electron in a correlated system.…”

“…Recently, ARP ES measurements 5,6,7,8,9,10 reported results up to large energy ω ∼ −1eV , clearly showing the presence of high energy self-energy renormalizations contributing to the spectral functions. The extracted E − k dispersion from momentum distribution curves seems to show a nearly vertical "dive" 10 (also called "waterfall" 7 ) at about 350meV .…”

“…In Σ, double dashed line, which contains collective charge fluctuations, can be seen as the excitations that interacting with fermions lead to the selfenergy effects and incoherent structures discussed in the text. excitations were identified but not compared with the new ARP ES experiments 5,6,7,8,9,10 which are more recent than Ref. [13].…”