“…Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on multistacks of oriented membrane bilayers on the D16 small momentum transfer diffractometer [27] at the Institut Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France) using the incident wavelength λ = 4.55 Å, and an accessible q-range from 0.06 Å −1 to 0.51 Å −1 . Q is the scattering wave vector and is defined as:…”
Archaea, the most extremophilic domain of life, contain ether and branched lipids which provide extraordinary bilayer properties. We determined the structural characteristics of diether archaeal-like phospholipids as functions of hydration and temperature by neutron diffraction. Hydration and temperature are both crucial parameters for the self-assembly and physicochemical properties of lipid bilayers. In this study, we detected non-lamellar phases of archaeal-like lipids at low hydration levels, and lamellar phases at levels of 90% relative humidity or more exclusively. Moreover, at 90% relative humidity, a phase transition between two lamellar phases was discernible. At full hydration, lamellar phases were present up to 70 °C and no phase transition was observed within the temperature range studied (from 25 °C to 70 °C). In addition, we determined the neutron scattering length density and the bilayer’s structural parameters from different hydration and temperature conditions. At the highest levels of hydration, the system exhibited rearrangements on its corresponding hydrophobic region. Furthermore, the water uptake of the lipids examined was remarkably high. We discuss the effect of ether linkages and branched lipids on the exceptional characteristics of archaeal phospholipids.
“…Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on multistacks of oriented membrane bilayers on the D16 small momentum transfer diffractometer [27] at the Institut Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France) using the incident wavelength λ = 4.55 Å, and an accessible q-range from 0.06 Å −1 to 0.51 Å −1 . Q is the scattering wave vector and is defined as:…”
Archaea, the most extremophilic domain of life, contain ether and branched lipids which provide extraordinary bilayer properties. We determined the structural characteristics of diether archaeal-like phospholipids as functions of hydration and temperature by neutron diffraction. Hydration and temperature are both crucial parameters for the self-assembly and physicochemical properties of lipid bilayers. In this study, we detected non-lamellar phases of archaeal-like lipids at low hydration levels, and lamellar phases at levels of 90% relative humidity or more exclusively. Moreover, at 90% relative humidity, a phase transition between two lamellar phases was discernible. At full hydration, lamellar phases were present up to 70 °C and no phase transition was observed within the temperature range studied (from 25 °C to 70 °C). In addition, we determined the neutron scattering length density and the bilayer’s structural parameters from different hydration and temperature conditions. At the highest levels of hydration, the system exhibited rearrangements on its corresponding hydrophobic region. Furthermore, the water uptake of the lipids examined was remarkably high. We discuss the effect of ether linkages and branched lipids on the exceptional characteristics of archaeal phospholipids.
“…Neutron diffraction experiments were carried out in 2003 on the D16 diffractometer (Leonard et al, 2001;Cristiglio et al, 2015) at the Institut Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France), with a neutron wavelength λ = 4.53 Å (1% spread, FWHM). The diffracted neutron beam is detected with a square Multi-Wire-Proportional-Chamber 3 He detector with a resolution of 2 mm in the horizontal and vertical directions.…”
Section: Neutron Diffraction Data Processing and Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 2D images were integrated and plotted vs. Q, the scattering vector perpendicular to the membrane stacks [Q = (4π/λ)sinθ with 2θ being the scattering angle]. Temperature control was carried out in an "Orange" ILL Cryostat on D16 (Cristiglio et al, 2015). Three temperaturedependent data collection protocols were applied sequentially in the following order: (1) slow heating after flash cooling (SHFC protocol), (2) slow cooling (SC protocol), and (3) slow heating (SH protocol).…”
Section: Neutron Diffraction Data Processing and Analysismentioning
Neutron diffraction was used to study the behavior of water present in phospholipid multilamellar stacks from 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) at cryogenic temperatures. Evidence was found for the existence of a highly viscous phase of water that exists between 180 and 220 K based on the observation that water can leave the intermembrane space at these low temperatures. Similar measurements are described in the literature for purple membrane (PM) samples. From a comparison with results from this natural membrane by using the same flash-cooling protocol, it is found that in the case of pure lipid samples, less water is trapped and the water flows out at lower temperatures. This suggests that the water is less hindered in its movements than in the PM case. It is shown that at least the Lβ ′-phase of DMPC can be trapped likely by flash cooling; upon heating to about 260 K, it transforms to another phase that was not fully characterized.
“…The chamber has been designed to be compatible with commonly used neutron diffraction instruments which have a large user base in biology (e.g. V1 at the HZB [11] and D16 at the ILL [6]), but with the possibility to adapt it to reflectometry, SANS, backscattering or time of flight instruments in future versions. The design has been realised with a particular focus on thermal insulation from external heat sources and ease of use.…”
Section: Designmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In order to quantify the absolute precision of the humidity chamber, we have measured the d-spacing of DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) lipid molecules with the neutron diffractometers D16 (ILL) and V1 (HZB) at different temperatures and relative humidities [6,11]. During the first tests, with the beam time available, a maximum d-spacing of only 52.3 Å could be achieved at 30°C with DMPC, which corresponds to a maximum relative humidity of ≈99% according to [15].…”
We present the design and the performances of a precision humidity chamber for neutron diffraction which is the result of a very fruitful collaboration between the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin and the Institut Laue-Langevin. The sample temperature can be set between 10 and 85°C. The relative humidity is controlled from 10 to 99.9% ± 0.01% by controlling the temperatures of the sample and a water bath at the millidegree Celsius scale. Sample exchanges are extremely easy and the operation only requires entering two parameters: sample temperature and relative humidity. The performances are confirmed by neutron diffraction measurements performed on DMPC and DOPC.
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