D.N.A. And Cell Loss From Normal Small-Intestinal Mucosa

Croft, D N; Loehry, C A; Taylor, J.; Cole, John R.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)90355-3

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[23] have shown that iron is lost into the gut by this route. As yet the only reliable method by which cell loss from the small intestine may be measured is by estimation of desoxyribonucleic acid in small intestinal washings [10]. This method is not sufficiently sensitive to measure the DNA content of the intestinal washings from small mammals, and it was for this reason that the experiments with tritiated thymidine were performed in the rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paneth Cell Secretion

Gent¹,

Creamer²

1972

Digestion

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The secretion of Paneth cells in the rat has been stimulated by pilocarpine, the small intestinal secretions have been collected and their free amino acid concentrations measured. Comparison with a control group of animals not given pilocarpine showed a statistically significant increase in the free amino acid concentrations. ⁶⁵Zn has been used to label Paneth cells in experiments which indicate that this increase in luminal amino acid concentrations is the result of the action of pilocarpine on the Paneth cell. Experiments using tritiated thymidine indicate that pilocarpine does not influence the rate of cell turnover in the rat small intestine. We conclude that the Paneth cell secretion is composed of amino acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paneth Cell Secretion

Gent¹,

Creamer²

1972

Digestion

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“…Collections were obtained from the proximal and distal tubes by siphonage. This method has been shown to be effective in studying loss of epithelial cells into the segment between the infusing and distal collecting sites, and a method of calculating absolute loss has been described (Croft, Loehry, Taylor, and Cole, 1968).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small intestinal permeability in animals and man

Loehry¹,

Kingham²,

Baker³

1973

Gut

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SUMMARY The permeability ofthe human small intestine has been studied by measuring the clearance from the plasma into the intestinal lumen of substances with molecular weights ranging from 60 to 80 000. A direct relationship has been demonstrated between intestinal loss and plasma concentration and an inverse one between clearance and molecular size.The permeability of the rabbit small intestine has been studied at various levels by measuring the blood-to-lumen clearance of substances of different molecular size ranging from 60 to 40 000. It has been demonstrated that there is a progressive fall in permeability from the duodenum to the terminal ileum for all the substances studied. Part I Small intestinal permeability in manAlthough the prime function of the small intestine is that of absorption and the transfer of substances from the lumen into the body, a continuous flow in the reverse direction is also known to occur. These substances are derived from the plasma by direct permeation through the mucosa, but also pass out into the lumen in secretions from the gallbladder, pancreas, Paneth and goblet cells, or through desquamation of intestinal epithelial cells.In previous experiments with rabbits (Loehry, Axon, Hilton, Hider, and Creamer, 1970) it has been demonstrated that the transfer of substances passing directly from the blood into the lumen is dependent directly upon their concentration in the plasma and inversely upon their molecular size. The aim of the present experiments was to study the blood-to-lumen flow of substances with different molecular size in man. MethodsTwo methods of study were used.

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“…In rat experiments this was ensured by tieing off either end of the small intestine and washing the whole small bowel of the living anaesthetised animal [33]. In man this has been done at the time of surgery [34] with results that com pare well with those obtained by the intestinal perfusion technique described above [18].…”

Section: Dna Loss As a Measure O F Cell Loss And Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the steady-state we believe that this loss of DNA and cells is in equilibrium with the rate of production of DNA and that it thus measures gastrointestinal turnover. Similar methods have been employed for the human stomach [20], skin [16], small intestine [18], and large intestine [15].…”

Section: Fig Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastro-Intestinal Cell Loss in Man

Croft

Cotton²

1973

Digestion

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The rate of deoxyribonucleic acid loss (DNA) from the epithelial surface of human stomach, small intestine, large intestine and skin measures the rate of cell loss. From the data it is apparent that 287 g of cells are lost every 24 h from the mucosa of the entire human gastrointestinal tract. Evidence is presented to show that in the steady-state this loss reflects the rate of production or turnover of surface epithelial cells. In atrophic gastritis, coeliac syndrome, exfoliative psoriasis and possibly ulcerative colitis turnover is high. The rate of cell loss in these diseases is high per unit of surface area. In patients with coeliac syndrome who are losing weight (active coeliacs) small bowel DNA rates are particularly high, and they fall to normal after successful treatment. There is both experimental animal, and human clinical evidence to show that in mal-absorptive states iron, protein, fat and folic acid are lost from the gut in excessive quantities. This increased endogenous loss of iron, protein and fat is related to the increased loss of DNA or cells. In the case of protein about 80 g are lost from the normal human small intestine per day, only 8–15% of which is derived from protein within cells. 12–30 g of lipid are lost per day from the human small bowel mucosa and it is virtually all derived from intracellular lipid within exfoliated epithelial cells. The term exfoliative enteropathy is suggested for this mechanism. We believe that excessive loss of endogenous material due to exfoliative enteropathy is an important cause of the malnutrition that results from diffuse diseases of the small intestine.

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D.N.A. And Cell Loss From Normal Small-Intestinal Mucosa

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Paneth Cell Secretion

Paneth Cell Secretion

Small intestinal permeability in animals and man

Gastro-Intestinal Cell Loss in Man

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