[d-Leu1]Microcystin-LR, from the cyanobacterium Microcystis RST 9501 and from a Microcystis bloom in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Brazil

Matthiensen, Alexandre; Beattie, Kenneth A.; Yúnes, João; Kaya, Kunimitsu; Codd, Geoffrey A.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00335-6

Cited by 87 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…blooms in brackish waters, e.g. in the Patos Lagoon Estuary in Brazil (Matthiensen et al 2000), the Oued Mellah reservoir, Morocco (Sabour et al 2002), the Swan River Estuary, Australia (Robson & Hamilton 2003), San Francisco Bay, USA (Lehman et al 2005), and the Kucukcekmece Lagoon, Turkey (Albay et al 2005). The growth rate was not stimulated by salinity in our experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Salt tolerance of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Tonk¹,

Bosch²,

Visser³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

169

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Salt tolerance of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Tonk¹,

Bosch²,

Visser³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

169

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“…However, the most interesting aspect is how the structure varied in lichens: D-Ala in position 1 is usually highly conserved, but in lichens it is often replaced by D-Leu. [Leu 1 ]MC-LR was reported only on a few occasions (16,17). Furthermore, the amino acid Adda, unique to microcystin and nodularin, is often replaced by ADMAdda (O-acetyl-O-demethylAdda) in microcystins detected from lichens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria produce a high variety of hepatotoxic peptides in lichen symbiosis

Kaasalainen¹,

Fewer

Jokela

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

148

124

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Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria. Microcystins are potent toxins that are responsible for the poisoning of both humans and animals. These toxins are mainly associated with aquatic cyanobacterial blooms, but here we show that the cyanobacterial symbionts of terrestrial lichens from all over the world commonly produce microcystins. We screened 803 lichen specimens from five different continents for cyanobacterial toxins by amplifying a part of the gene cluster encoding the enzyme complex responsible for microcystin production and detecting toxins directly from lichen thalli. We found either the biosynthetic genes for making microcystins or the toxin itself in 12% of all analyzed lichen specimens. A plethora of different microcystins was found with over 50 chemical variants, and many of the variants detected have only rarely been reported from free-living cyanobacteria. In addition, high amounts of nodularin, up to 60 μg g −1 , were detected from some lichen thalli. This microcystin analog and potent hepatotoxin has previously been known only from the aquatic bloom-forming genus Nodularia. Our results demonstrate that the production of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins in lichen symbiosis is a global phenomenon and occurs in many different lichen lineages. The very high genetic diversity of the mcyE gene and the chemical diversity of microcystins suggest that lichen symbioses may have been an important environment for diversification of these cyanobacteria.Nostoc | Peltigera | cyanolichen | secondary metabolites | chemical defence

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“…Experimental studies revealed virtual absence of grazing on C. raciborskii in lake Paranoá (Starling, 1993). Also, cyanobacterial blooms can produce extremely potent toxins that are able to kill a vast variety of organisms, including fishes and humans (Lagos et al, 1999;Matthiensen et al, 2000). Toxic cyanobacterial blooms have been frequent events in Brazil, especially in drinking-water reservoirs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of algicide (Copper Sulfate) application on short-term fluctuations of phytoplankton in Lake Paranoá, Central Brazil

Padovesi-Fonseca

Philomeno

2004

Braz. J. Biol.

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Short-term fluctuations and structure of phytoplankton were examined for two months in the dry season (August-September/1997) in a eutrophic reservoir of central Brazil. Algicide treatment for the control of Microcystis aeruginosa bloom influenced the short-term variation pattern of the phytoplankton community. Algicide treatment was effective in controlling M. aeruginosa bloom, but it also influenced the Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii population. These species retained low densities, showing small colonies and trichomes, respectively. Drops in Cyanobacteria populations following algicide treatment were succeeded by progressive increase in Chlorophyta. The shifts in environmental conditions may have allowed the development of this group. In this study correspondence analysis of abundance data for phytoplankton assemblage in lake Paranoá revealed that available light, rather than chlorophyll-a, total suspended material, and water temperature, accounted for most of the short-term fluctuation in phytoplankton structure during algicide application. Canonical correspondance analysis (CCA) showed the primary importance of water transparency changes in abundance of taxa in the community. Algicide treatment for the control of nuisance blooms is discussed as a contribution to improved efficiency in reservoir management.Key words: Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, reservoir, Brazil. RESUMO Efeitos da aplicação de algicida (sulfato de cobre) sobre flutuações de curta duração do fitoplâncton no lago Paranoá, Brasil centralFlutuações de curta duração e a estrutura do fitoplâncton foram analisadas ao longo de dois meses na estação seca (agosto-setembro de 1997) em reservatório eutrófico do Brasil central. A aplicação de algicida para o controle de florescimentos de Microcystis aeruginosa exerceu influência sobre a variação temporal da comunidade fitoplanctônica, sendo efetiva também no controle do florescimento de M. aeruginosa e sobre a população de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Ambas permaneceram em baixas densidades numéricas, com pequenas colônias e tricomas, respectivamente. Quedas bruscas de populações de Cyanobacteria após o tratamento de algicida foram seguidas por progressivo aumento de Chlorophyta. Mudanças de condições ambientais podem ter permitido o desenvolvimento deste último grupo. Análise de correspondência de dados de abundância do fitoplâncton no lago Paranoá revelou que a variável luz disponível se relacionou mais à flutuação de curta duração em estrutura do fitoplâncton do que a clorofila-a, o material suspenso total e a temperatura da água. A ACC constatou que as mudanças de transparência de água foram de primordial importância na abundância dos taxa fitoplanctônicos. O tratamento de algicida no controle de florescimentos algais é discutido aqui em relação ao gerenciamento eficiente de reservatórios.Palavras-chave: Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, reservatório, Brasil.

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[d-Leu1]Microcystin-LR, from the cyanobacterium Microcystis RST 9501 and from a Microcystis bloom in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Brazil

Cited by 87 publications

References 13 publications

Salt tolerance of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Salt tolerance of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Cyanobacteria produce a high variety of hepatotoxic peptides in lichen symbiosis

Effects of algicide (Copper Sulfate) application on short-term fluctuations of phytoplankton in Lake Paranoá, Central Brazil

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