D-Glucosamine and N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine: Their Potential Use as Regenerative Medicine

Jain, Tanvi; Kumar, Hridyesh; Dutta, Parikshit

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2511-9_11

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

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“…Significantly evaluated levels of N-acetyl glucosamine were also detected and have previously been associated with induction of the galactose metabolic pathway (Kamthan et al, 2013), and both metabolites are rate-limiting intermediates in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and proteoglycans (Dani & Broadie, 2012). N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine is also considered important for the formation of articular cartilage glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (Dunsmore, 2006;Wagermaier & Fratzl, 2012), hence, its use as a dietary supplement in osteoarthritis therapy (Jain et al, 2016;Kubomura et al, 2017). Furthermore, N-acetyld-glucosamine is a key component of the extracellular matrix of animal cells, influencing cell signalling through the post-translational modification by glycosylation, of a variety of intracellular proteins, including NFκB, c-myc, and p53 (Konopka, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The metabolomics of a protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) knock-out mouse model

et al. 2022

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Introduction PKCδ is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and its dysregulation plays a key role in the onset of several incurable diseases and metabolic disorders. However, much remains unknown about the metabolic pathways and disturbances induced by PKC deficiency, as well as the metabolic mechanisms involved. Objectives This study aims to use metabolomics to further characterize the function of PKC from a metabolomics standpoint, by comparing the full serum metabolic profiles of PKC deficient mice to those of wild-type mice. Methods The serum metabolomes of PKCδ knock-out mice were compared to that of a wild-type strain using a GCxGC-TOFMS metabolomics research approach and various univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results Thirty-seven serum metabolite markers best describing the difference between PKCδ knock-out and wild-type mice were identified based on a PCA power value > 0.9, a t-test p-value < 0.05, or an effect size > 1. XERp prediction was also done to accurately select the metabolite markers within the 2 sample groups. Of the metabolite markers identified, 78.4% (29/37) were elevated and 48.65% of these markers were fatty acids (18/37). It is clear that a total loss of PKCδ functionality results in an inhibition of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and steroid synthesis, accompanied by upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acids oxidation, cholesterol transport/storage, single carbon and sulphur-containing amino acid synthesis, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), ketogenesis, and an increased cell signalling via N-acetylglucosamine. ConclusionThe charaterization of the dysregulated serum metabolites in this study, may represent an additional tool for the early detection and screening of PKCδ-deficiencies or abnormalities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The metabolomics of a protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) knock-out mouse model

et al. 2022

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Anomeric Stereoauxiliary Cleavage of the C−N Bond of d‐Glucosamine for the Preparation of Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines

Zeng

Meng

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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The targeted cleavage of the C−N bonds of alkyl primary amines in sustainable compounds of biomass according to a metal‐free pathway and the conjunction of nitrogen in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines are still highly challenging. Despite tremendous progress in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines over the past decade, many of them can still not be efficiently prepared. Herein, we report an anomeric stereoauxiliary approach for the synthesis of a wide range of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines after cleaving the C−N bond of d‐glucosamine (α‐2° amine) from biobased resources. This new approach expands the scope of readily accessible imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines relative to existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. A key strategic advantage of this approach is that the α‐anomer of d‐glucosamine enables C−N bond cleavage via a seven‐membered ring transition state. By using this novel method, a series of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives (>80 examples) was synthesized from pyridine ketones (including para‐dipyridine ketone) and aldehydes (including para‐dialdehyde). Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives containing diverse important deuterated C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H bonds were also efficiently achieved.

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