D-flow

Geijtenbeek, Thomas; Steenbrink, Frans; Otten, Bert; Even-Zohar, Oshri

doi:10.1145/2087756.2087785

Cited by 42 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These insights could be used in future research to specifically target key muscle groups for strengthening by opting for either walking or running. Furthermore, this opens some perspectives for therapy and training because nowadays real‐time feedback systems that can provide real‐time information on joint moments are beginning to be integrated into clinical 3D motion capture systems. These joint moments can then be used as surrogate marker representative for hip joint loading and provide feedback on gait strategies aiming to further load or unload the hip joint accordingly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Loading of Hip Measured by Hip Contact Forces at Different Speeds of Walking and Running

Giarmatzis

Jonkers

Wesseling

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Exercise plays a pivotal role in maximizing peak bone mass in adulthood and maintaining it through aging, by imposing mechanical loading on the bone that can trigger bone mineralization and growth. The optimal type and intensity of exercise that best enhances bone strength remains, however, poorly characterized, partly because the exact peak loading of the bone produced by the diverse types of exercises is not known. By means of integrated motion capture as an input to dynamic simulations, contact forces acting on the hip of 20 young healthy adults were calculated during walking and running at different speeds. During walking, hip contact forces (HCFs) have a two-peak profile whereby the first peak increases from 4.22 body weight (BW) to 5.41 BW and the second from 4.37 BW to 5.74 BW, by increasing speed from 3 to 6 km/h. During running, there is only one peak HCF that increases from 7.49 BW to 10.01 BW, by increasing speed from 6 to 12 km/h. Speed related profiles of peak HCFs and ground reaction forces (GRFs) reveal a different progression of the two peaks during walking. Speed has a stronger impact on peak HCFs rather than on peak GRFs during walking and running, suggesting an increasing influence of muscle activity on peak HCF with increased speed. Moreover, results show that the first peak of HCF during walking can be predicted best by hip adduction moment, and the second peak of HCF by hip extension moment. During running, peak HCF can be best predicted by hip adduction moment. The present study contributes hereby to a better understanding of musculoskeletal loading during walking and running in a wide range of speeds, offering valuable information to clinicians and scientists exploring bone loading as a possible nonpharmacological osteogenic stimulus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Loading of Hip Measured by Hip Contact Forces at Different Speeds of Walking and Running

Giarmatzis

Jonkers

Wesseling

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…The CAREN system is employed in this study due to the following concerns: (1) the CAREN system can perform 3D movement for a full body in real time, which provides immediate feedback to both the therapist and patient [17]; (2) the CAREN system can conduct inclined walking experiment and collect kinematic and kinetic information simultaneously; (3) the virtual environment is reproducible and as close to a natural environment as possible [18, 19]; (4) the CAREN system is proved to be an effective tool for rehabilitation (such as gait training [17, 20], prosthetic adjustment [21], balance training [22, 23], and cognitive rehabilitation [24]) and biomechanics research [25–27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study used a commercial software system, named the human body model (HBM) [26], embedded in the D-flow of the CAREN system [25], to calculate kinematics and kinetics. For the kinematic data and the GRF, the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter was set to 6 Hz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait Characteristics of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy during Inclined Treadmill Walking under a Virtual Reality Environment

Liang²,

Kang³

et al. 2019

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Objective. To investigate gait characteristics in children with spastic cerebral palsy during inclined treadmill walking under a virtual reality environment. Methods. Ten spastic cerebral palsy (CP) children and ten typically developing (TD) children were asked to walk at their comfortable speed on a treadmill at a ground level and 10° inclined. Three-dimensional kinematic data and ground reaction force data were captured in a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment system. Kinetic parameters and dynamic balance parameters were calculated using a standard biomechanical approach. Results. During uphill walking, both groups decreased walking speed and stride length and increased peak pelvis tilt, ankle dorsiflexion, and hip flexion. Compared with TD children, CP children had decreased walking speed and stride length, decreased peak hip abduction moment, increased stance phase percentage, increased peak ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion, and increased peak hip extension moment. The peak trunk rotation angle, ankle angle at initial contact, and stride length showed a significant group∗walking condition interaction effect. Conclusions. CP children showed similar adjustments for most gait parameters during uphill walking as TD children. With a lower walking speed, CP children could maintain similar dynamic balance as TD children. Uphill walking magnifies the existing abnormal gait patterns of the cerebral palsy children. We suggest that during a treadmill training with an inclination, the walking speed should be carefully controlled in the case of improving peak joint loading too much.

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“…The avatar was created and tested on the GRAIL system with D-Flow software (Motek Forcelink, Houten, Netherlands) which allows the user to interface with a motion capture system (10 infrared cameras Vicon Bonita with Nexus software - Vicon, Oxford Metrics, UK) and project an interactive virtual reality [36]. This combination allows subjects to interact with virtual reality in real time while walking on a treadmill.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of knee flexion during walking with use of a real-time personalized avatar

Agopyan

Griffet

Poirier³

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Visual feedback is used in different research areas, including clinical science and neuroscience. In this study, we investigated the influence of the visualization of a real-time personalized avatar on gait parameters, focusing on knee flexion during the swing phase. We also studied the impact of the modification of avatar's knee amplitude on kinematic of the knee of healthy subjects. For this purpose, we used an immersive reality treadmill equipment and developed a 3D avatar, with instantly modifiable parameters for knee flexion and extension (acceleration or deceleration). Fourteen healthy young adults, equipped with motion capture markers, were asked to walk at a self-selected pace on the treadmill. A real-time 3D image of their lower limbs was modelized and projected on the screen ahead of them, as if in a walking motion from left to right. The subjects were instructed to continue walking. When we initiated an increase in the knee flexion of the avatar, we observed a similar increase in the subjects' knee flexion. No significant results were observed when the modification involved a decrease in knee flexion. The results and their significance are discussed using theories encompassing empathy, sympathy and sensory re-calibration. The prospect of using this type of modified avatar for stroke rehabilitation is discussed.

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D-flow

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Loading of Hip Measured by Hip Contact Forces at Different Speeds of Walking and Running

Loading of Hip Measured by Hip Contact Forces at Different Speeds of Walking and Running

Gait Characteristics of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy during Inclined Treadmill Walking under a Virtual Reality Environment

Modification of knee flexion during walking with use of a real-time personalized avatar

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