D‐dimer levels is associated with severe COVID‐19 infections: A meta‐analysis

Abstract

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. 1 Coronaviruses (CoV) are enveloped viruses with a positive single-stranded RNA virus, which are widely distributed in humans and animals and cause respiratory infections in humans. 2 Study reported that SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells through its predicated receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). 3 Unfortunately, until now, there are no specific/targeted drugs or vaccines, and in many parts of the world, the number of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients are increasing. As of 20 April 2020, in total, 2 486 597 cases and 170 582 deaths have been confirmed around the world, suggesting that the overall death rate of COVID-19 was 6.86%. D-dimer is a specific degradation product produced by fibrin monomer cross-linking with activated factor XIII and then hydrolysed by plasmin, and is a specific marker of fibrinolysis process. 4 Excluded typical manifestation of pneumonia and acute respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 patients also have abnormal D-dimer concentration in the serum, but the results are controversial. A recent

Time to hospitalisation, CT pulmonary involvement and in‐hospital death in COVID‐19 patients in an Emergency Medicine Unit

“…Characteristics associatedwiththeseverityofSARS-CoV-2infectionmayallowearly identification and management of patients with poor outcomes; these include clinical factors such as cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, smokingandmalesexandlaboratoryfindingssuchasincreasedprocalcitonin, increased d-dimerandthrombocytopenia. [14][15][16][17] The management of the hospitalised patients is based on clinical, laboratory and imaging data. In particular, chest computed tomography(CT)isoneofthefundamentalexamsforthesuccessivetherapeutic course.…”

“…Since the initial mild symptoms, the disease can proceed to a more severe condition in a temporal window of 7‐12 days, 12,13 and in these cases, the admission to hospital is almost always necessary. Characteristics associated with the severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may allow early identification and management of patients with poor outcomes; these include clinical factors such as cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and male sex and laboratory findings such as increased procalcitonin, increased d ‐dimer and thrombocytopenia 14‐17 …”

Serological Biomarkers at Hospital Admission Are Not Related to Long-Term Post-COVID Fatigue and Dyspnea in COVID-19 Survivors

“…Similarly, D-dimer is a biomarker also used to detect the risk of thrombosis. It is assumed that higher D-dimer levels are seen in severe COVID-19 patients [ 18 ]; although the interpretation of D-dimer during disease is still unclear. The current study found that D-dimer concentrations were not significantly associated with post-COVID fatigue or dyspnea.…”

A Pharmacoeconomics Study for Anticoagulants used for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city –Iraq(Conference Paper )#

“…Meanwhile, the severe COVID-19 patients tend to have a higher concentration of D-dimer when compared with nonsevere patients. This suggests that D-dimer could be used to evaluate the severity of infection (30)(31) The D-dimer levels in patients who died from the infection were significantly higher than those of surviving cases (32) where 71% of patients who died from COVID-19 were found to have met the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) standard (16) .…”