D-Arabinose dehydrogenase and biosynthesis of erythroascorbic acid in Candida albicans

Deficiency of d -Erythroascorbic Acid Attenuates Hyphal Growth and Virulence of Candida albicans

“…In some eukaryotic microorganisms, ASC is rare or absent but D-erythroascorbic acid (EASC), a five-carbon analog of ASC, is present (5,24,27,28). In Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the biosynthetic pathway of EASC from D-arabinose by D-arabinose dehydrogenase and D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase (ALO) has been established (9,10,13,14). ALO can also catalyze the production of ASC when L-galactono-1,4-lactone is supplied as a substrate (20).…”

Production ofl-Ascorbic Acid by Metabolically EngineeredSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandZygosaccharomyces bailii

“…However, the products are accumulated intracellularly only. D-Arabinose dehydrogenase (ARA) catalyzes the secondlast step in the erythroascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway in yeast cells (12,13), which resembles the second-last step of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in plants (Fig. 1).…”

“…The structural motifs of the molecules changed during this conversion are identical to the structural motifs changed during the conversion of L-galactose via Gal to L-ascorbic acid. The corresponding enzymes have been purified and characterized in more detail (10,11,12,13). It was shown that the arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidases (ALOs) of Candida albicans and S. cerevisiae are able to convert not only L-arabinono-1,4-lactone but also Gal and Gul, among other structurally related lactones, in vitro; for C. albicans, it was shown that upon incubation of the cells with Gal, L-ascorbic acid accumulates in measurable amounts inside the cells (10), as well as in the culture medium (22,23).…”

Partial purification and identification of GDP-mannose 3",5"-epimerase of Arabidopsis thaliana , a key enzyme of the plant vitamin C pathway

“…Although L-galactono-1,4-lactone was recognized as a direct precursor of L-AA (5-7), the carbon source for L-galactono-1,4-lactone remained an enigma until recently. The demonstration that D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the direct precursor of D-erythroascorbic acid (a 5-carbon homolog of L-AA) in yeast, is formed from D-arabinose in a reaction catalyzed by D-arabinose dehydrogenase (8), was undoubtedly of great importance for elucidating the biosynthesis of vitamin C in plants (Fig. 1).…”