d-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acids in Streptococcus suis Reduces Association With Leukocytes in Porcine Blood

Öhlmann, Sophie; Krieger, Ann-Kathrin; Gisch, Nicolas; Meurer, Marita; Buhr, Nicole de; Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren von; Schütze, Nicole; Baums, Christoph Georg

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.822369

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Of note, this study demonstrates IgM BCR cleavage on different B cell populations in vitro but it remains to be shown that the IgM BCR is cleaved during infection in vivo and that this is of biological relevance. As S. suis is known to bind efficiently to different porcine immune cells present in porcine blood ( 51 ), we consider it likely that IgM BCR cleavage occurs in vivo .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) impairs porcine B cell signaling

Breitfelder

Schrödl²,

Rungelrath³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen, causing severe disease like meningitis and septicemia primarily in piglets. Previous work showed that the IgM-degrading enzyme of S. suis (IdeSsuis) specifically cleaves soluble porcine IgM and is involved in complement evasion. The objective of this study was to investigate IdeSsuis cleavage of the IgM B cell receptor and subsequent changes in B cell receptor mediated signaling. Flow cytometry analysis revealed cleavage of the IgM B cell receptor by recombinant (r) IdeSsuis_homologue as well as IdeSsuis derived from culture supernatants of S. suis serotype 2 on porcine PBMCs and mandibular lymph node cells. Point-mutated rIdeSsuis_homologue_C195S did not cleave the IgM B cell receptor. After receptor cleavage by rIdeSsuis_homologue, it took at least 20 h for mandibular lymph node cells to restore the IgM B cell receptor to levels comparable to cells previously treated with rIdeSsuis_homologue_C195S. B cell receptor mediated signaling after specific stimulation via the F(ab’)2 portion was significantly inhibited by rIdeSsuis_homologue receptor cleavage in IgM+ B cells, but not in IgG+ B cells. Within IgM+ cells, CD21+ B2 cells and CD21- B1-like cells were equally impaired in their signaling capacity upon rIdeSsuis_homologue B cell receptor cleavage. In comparison, intracellular B cell receptor independent stimulation with tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate increased signaling in all investigated B cell types. In conclusion, this study demonstrates IdeSsuis cleavage efficacy on the IgM B cell receptor and its consequences for B cell signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) impairs porcine B cell signaling

Breitfelder

Schrödl²,

Rungelrath³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…The relative surface hydrophobicity of ST1 GX strains was investigated by measuring their absorption to n-hexadecane, following the procedure outlined in a previous study with minor modifications [ 21 ]. In brief, bacteria were cultured overnight in 10 mL of sterile LA broth at 37°C with 5% CO 2 , harvested by centrifugation, washed three times with 5 mL of PUM buffer, and resuspended into a bacterial suspension with an optical density (OD) value of 0.6 (OD 660nm ) with PUM buffer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of genomic and pathogenicity characteristics of Streptococcus suis ST1 human strains from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX) between 2005 and 2020 in China

Kang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Streptococcus suis is a significant and emerging zoonotic pathogen. ST1 and ST7 strains are the primary agents responsible for S. suis human infections in China, including the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX). To enhance our understanding of S. suis ST1 population characteristics, we conducted an investigation into the phylogenetic structure, genomic features, and virulence levels of 73 S. suis ST1 human strains from GX between 2005 and 2020. The ST1 GX strains were categorized into three lineages in phylogenetic analysis. Sub-lineage 3-1a exhibited a closer phylogenetic relationship with the ST7 epidemic strain SC84. The strains from lineage 3 predominantly harboured 89K-like pathogenicity islands (PAIs) which were categorized into four clades based on sequence alignment. The acquirement of 89K-like PAIs increased the antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity of corresponding transconjugants. We observed significant diversity in virulence levels among the 37 representative ST1 GX strains, that were classified as follows: epidemic (E)/highly virulent (HV) (32.4%, 12/37), virulent plus (V+) (29.7%, 11/37), virulent (V) (18.9%, 7/37), and lowly virulent (LV) (18.9%, 7/37) strains based on survival curves and mortality rates at different time points in C57BL/6 mice following infection. The E/HV strains were characterized by the overproduction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and promptly established infection at the early phase of infection. Our research offers novel insights into the population structure, evolution, genomic features, and pathogenicity of ST1 strains. Our data also indicates the importance of establishing a scheme for characterizing and subtyping the virulence levels of S. suis strains.

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“…We conducted the MATH assay as described previously by Öhlmann et al [ 50 ] to compare hydrophobicity of the S. suis strains investigated in the bactericidal assay with the hydrophobicity of S. suis cps 2 strain 10 and its unencapsulated isogenic mutant 10 cps ΔEF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new S. suis serotype 3 infection model in pigs: lack of effect of buprenorphine treatment to reduce distress

et al. 2022

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Background Streptoccocus suis (S. suis) is a major porcine pathogen causing meningitis, septicemia, arthritis and endocarditis. These diseases severely impair welfare of pigs. Experimental studies in pigs are important to better understand the pathogenesis and to identify protective antigens, as so far there is no vaccine available protecting against various serotypes (cps). Due to the severity of disease, application of appropriate refinement strategies in experimental S. suis infections is essential to reduce distress imposed on the piglets without jeopardizing the scientific output. The objectives of this study were to evaluate buprenorphine treatment as a refinement measure and serum cortisol levels as a distress read out parameter in a new S. suis cps3 infection model in pigs. Results Intravenous application of 2 × 108 CFU of S. suis cps3 (sly+, mrp+) to 6-week-old piglets led to severe morbidity in approximately 50% of the animals. Main pathological findings included suppurative meningoencephalitis and arthritis as well as fibrinosuppurative endocarditis. Buprenorphine treatment (0.05 mg/kg every 8 h) did not prevent signs of severe pain, high clinical scores, moderate to severe pathologies or high levels of serum cortisol in single severely affected piglets. Significant differences in the course of leukocytosis, induction of specific antibodies and bactericidal immunity were not recorded between groups with or w/o buprenorphine treatment. Of note, clinically unobtrusive piglets showed serum cortisol levels at 2 and 5 days post infectionem (dpi) comparable to the levels prior to infection with cps3. Cortisol levels in serum were significantly increased in piglets euthanized due to severe disease in comparison to clinically unobtrusive pigs. Conclusions Different clinical courses and pathologies are induced after intravenous challenge of piglets with 2 × 108 CFU of this S. suis cps3 strain. The chosen protocol of buprenorphine application does not prevent severe distress in this infection model. Important parameters of the humoral immune response, such as the level of IgM binding to S. suis cps3, do not appear to be affected by buprenorphine treatment. Serum cortisol is a meaningful parameter to measure distress in piglets experimentally infected with S. suis and to evaluate refinement strategies. In this intravenous model, which includes close clinical monitoring and different humane endpoints, clinics and cortisol levels suggest convalescence in surviving piglets within 5 days following experimental infection.

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d-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acids in Streptococcus suis Reduces Association With Leukocytes in Porcine Blood

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

Immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) impairs porcine B cell signaling

Immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) impairs porcine B cell signaling

Investigation of genomic and pathogenicity characteristics of Streptococcus suis ST1 human strains from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX) between 2005 and 2020 in China

A new S. suis serotype 3 infection model in pigs: lack of effect of buprenorphine treatment to reduce distress

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