Cytotype variation and allopolyploidy in North American species of the <i>Sphagnum subsecundum</i> complex (Sphagnaceae)

Ricca, Mariana; Beecher, Francis; Boles, Sandra B.; Temsch, Eva M.; Greilhuber, Johann; Karlin, Eric F.; Shaw, A. Jonathan

doi:10.3732/ajb.0800148

Cited by 45 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…This species had 353.7 Mbp (a relatively low haploid value) with FCM and maximally 292.8 Mbp with Feulgen densitometry, 0.83-fold lower than the FCM-derived value. This indicates some decay of DNA during preservation over the 6-mo period because fresh vouchers typically give similar values with FDM and FCM ( Ricca et al, 2008 Crum). The main feature, as the name suggests, was the absence of retort cells in the branch cortex.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of nuclear Feulgen DNA content (FDM) from herbarium specimens with DNA image analysis used methods described previously for fi xed fresh material and herbarium specimens of Sphagnum ( Ricca et al, 2008 ). Apical meristems were detached from herbarium specimens under distilled water so that the smallest embryonic leaves and the meristem itself were immediately exposed to fi xative chemicals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Partec CyFlow fl ow cytometer equipped with a green laser was employed as described in Ricca et al (2008) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Newly resolved relationships in an early land plant lineage: Bryophyta class Sphagnopsida (peat mosses)

Shaw

Cox

Buck

et al. 2010

American J of Botany

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Phylogenetic analyses of genome structure and nucleotide sequences from mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear genes have corroborated the view held by botanists for over a century that the bryophyte groups (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) comprise early-diverging land plant lineages that originated before the appearance of vascular plants ( Haeckel, 1876 ;Campbell, 1895 ;Bower, 1935 ;Kenrick and Crane, 1997 ;Shaw and Renzaglia, 2004 ). Early cladistic analyses based on morphological characters ( Mishler and Churchill, 1984 ) showed that the three bryophyte groups, classifi ed by most botanists of the time as a single phylum because of their similar gametophyte-dominant life cycles, more likely represent a paraphyletic grade that diverged before the emergence of the vascular plants. In fact, Haeckel ' s (1876) tree similarly shows mosses and liverworts as a paraphyletic grade basal to the vascular plants. Recent data sets appear to favor the hypothesis that liverworts (phylum Marchantiophyta) comprise the earliest-diverging lineage, followed by the mosses (Bryophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerophyta) ( Qiu et al., 1998 ;Nickrent et al., 2000 ;Shaw and Renzaglia, 2004 ). However, the most data-rich studies to date, based on chloroplast or mitochondrial organellar proteins, like analyses based on sperm cell morphology ( Garbary et al., 1993 ), identify a clade uniting liverworts and mosses, and additional data are still needed before we can consider the branching order of early land plant lineages to be fi nally resolved ( Nishiyama et al., 2004 ;Rodr í guez-Ezpeleta et al., 2007 ;Terasawa et al., 2007 ; but see also Qiu, et al., 2006 ).Notwithstanding that much remains to do, great progress has been made toward resolving phylogenetic relationships within the mosses (phylum Bryophyta s.s.) (e.g., Cox and Hedderson, 1999 ;Cox et al., 2000 ;Newton et al., 2000 ; Goffi net et al., 2001 ;Stech and Frey, 2008 ; Goffi net et al., 2009 ;Wahrmund et al., 2010 ). Major clades resolved by molecular data to a large extent mirror previous classifi cations based on morphology (e.g., Fleischer, 1923 ; Brotherus, 1924 Brotherus, -1925Vitt, 1984 • Premise of the study : The Sphagnopsida, an early-diverging lineage of mosses (phylum Bryophyta), are morphologically and ecologically unique and have profound impacts on global climate. The Sphagnopsida are currently classifi ed in two genera, Sphagnum (peat mosses) with some 350 -500 species and Ambuchanania with one species. An analysis of phylogenetic relationships among species and genera in the Sphagnopsida were conducted to resolve major lineages and relationships among species within the Sphagnopsida.• Methods : Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes (11 704 nucleotides total) were conducted and analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference employing seven different substitution models of varying complexity.• Key results : Phylogenetic analyses resolved three lineages within the Sphagnopsida: (1) Sphagnum serice...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Newly resolved relationships in an early land plant lineage: Bryophyta class Sphagnopsida (peat mosses)

Shaw

Cox

Buck

et al. 2010

American J of Botany

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“…Sphagnum incundum is gametophytically haploid based on Feulgen densitometry. This is also indicated by the number of alleles found at each loci in microsatellite data (Ricca et al 2008, Karlin et al 2014. The new species seems to be genetically rather uniform based on microsatellite data, but this could change as more markers and specimens are genotyped.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphagnum incundum a new species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from boreal and arctic regions of North America

et al. 2018

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We describe Sphagnum incundum in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta). We used both molecular and morphological methods to describe the new species. Molecular relationships with closely related species were explored based on microsatellites and nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. The morphological description is based on qualitative examination of morphological characters and measurements of leaves and hyalocysts. Morphological characters are compared between closely related species. The results from Feulgen densitometry and microsatellite analysis show that S. incundum is gametophytically haploid. Molecular analyses show that it is a close relative to S. flavicomans, S. subfulvum and S. subnitens, but differs both genetically and in morphological key characters, justifying the description of S. incundum as a new species. The new peatmoss is found in North America along the western coast of Greenland, in Canada from Quebec and Northwest Territories, and Alaska (United States). The new species has a boreal to arctic distribution.

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“…DNA was extracted from the capitulum using the CTAB protocol described by Doyle & Doyle (1987) and modified as described at http://biology.duke.edu/bryology/protocols.html. The microsatellite genotyping protocols are described by Ricca et al (2008). The primer sequences for microsatellite amplification are those provided by Shaw et al (2008).…”

Section: Molecular Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite variation in three calcium-tolerant species of peat moss detected specific genotypes of Sphagnum warnstorfii on magnesium-rich bedrock

Mikulášková¹,

Veleba²,

Šmerda³

et al. 2017

Preslia

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Peat mosses are a key functional group in peatlands, driving biogeochemical cycles, habitat development and changes in species composition. They are generally intolerant of calcium and magnesium bicarbonate, but some species are adapted to mineral-rich fens. A previous study found a coincidence between genetic variation and the ability to tolerate high pH/calcium levels in Sphagnum warnstorfii. Here we compare its microsatellite variation with that of two rarer calcium-tolerant species (Sphagnum subnitens, S. contortum), using a novel data set from Eurasia. Because physiological experiments indicate that S. warnstorfii can tolerate high magnesium levels, we included also samples from dolomite and serpentinite. Genetic diversity of S. warnstorfii was higher than that of other species. The Bayesian analysis in program Structure resulted in two population groups of S. warnstorfii. One group coincided with dolomite (Italy, Austria, Estonia) and moderately magnesium-rich (but calcium-poor) rocks (serpentinite, metadolerite, cordieritebearing migmatite on the Bohemian Massif), while the second one coincided with magnesiumpoor bedrock across Eurasia. The principal coordinate analysis revealed a cline between populations from magnesium-rich and magnesium-poor bedrocks, with populations from dolomite and serpentinite forming one extreme. Populations from magnesium-poor bedrock located far from any dolomite or serpentinite formed the opposite extreme of the cline. We demonstrate for the first time that magnesium toxicity may drive bryophyte microevolution, as has repeatedly been shown for vascular plants, including ferns. K e y w o r d s: Bryophyta,

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Cytotype variation and allopolyploidy in North American species of the Sphagnum subsecundum complex (Sphagnaceae)

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

Newly resolved relationships in an early land plant lineage: Bryophyta class Sphagnopsida (peat mosses)

Newly resolved relationships in an early land plant lineage: Bryophyta class Sphagnopsida (peat mosses)

Sphagnum incundum a new species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from boreal and arctic regions of North America

Microsatellite variation in three calcium-tolerant species of peat moss detected specific genotypes of Sphagnum warnstorfii on magnesium-rich bedrock

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