Cytotoxin Production by <i>Clostridium sordellii</i> Strains

Nakamura, Shinichi; Tanabe, Naomi; Yamakawa, Kiyotaka; Nishida, Shoki

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1983.tb00611.x

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Antisera were prepared by bleeding one week after the final injection. The neutralization test for cytotoxicity was performed by the method described previously (9). The results of the neutralization test on BHK cells are given in Table 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Separation of Two Cytotoxins of Clostridium sordellii Strains

Yamakawa

Nakamura

Nishida

1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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Separation of Two Cytotoxins of Clostridium sordellii Strains

Yamakawa

Nakamura

Nishida

1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…37 The toxins of C. sordellii are often compared with toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile, and it has been reported that a specific antiserum against the lethal toxin of C. sordellii successfully neutralized the cytotoxic and lethal activities of C. difficile toxin B. 7,19,26,31,37,47 In this report, we present 8 cases of perinatal mortality in foals associated with navel infection by C. sordellii.…”

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Infection of Internal Umbilical Remnant in Foals by Clostridium sordellii

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Omphalitis and the resulting septicemia contribute to perinatal mortality in several animal species. In foals, the most important causes of omphalitis are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. However to date, no information has been published about the role of Clostridium sordellii in these infections. In this paper, we describe 8 cases of perinatal mortality in foals associated with internal umbilical remnant infection by C. sordellii. The foals studied were between 12 and 21 days old at the time of death, and various breeds were represented in the group. Five of the foals were male and 3 were female. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the detection of C. sordellii by 3 methods (culture, fluorescent antibody test, and immunohistochemistry) and on gross and histopathologic findings. All foals had acute peritonitis, and the internal umbilical remnant was thickened by edema, hemorrhage, and fibrosis. A moderate amount of serosanguinous fluid with fibrin strands was present in the pericardial sac and pleural cavity. Histopathologically, the urachus and umbilical arterial walls were thickened by edema and exhibited hemorrhage, fibrin, and leukocytic infiltration. Gram-positive bacterial rods were observed in subepithelial areas of the urachus, the adventicia of umbilical arteries, and interstitium of the internal umbilical remnant. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that C. sordellii should be considered in the differential diagnosis for infections of the internal umbilical remnant in foals.

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“…Consequently, LT masks the action of HT in culture supernatants, and the differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic C. sordellii strains has been conventionally based on LT production [8]. A consequence of this is that C. sordellii vaccines have been produced on the basis of inducing LT-specific antitoxins alone, however, the lethal activity of HT is not as low as the activities of other clostridial lethal toxins [6,20,21].The toxins of C. sordellii have often been compared with toxin A and toxin B produced by C. difficile [5,12,15,17]. The biological and antigenic properties of toxin A and toxin B are very similar to those of HT and LT [5,12,17,23,24].…”

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“…The toxins of C. sordellii have often been compared with toxin A and toxin B produced by C. difficile [5,12,15,17]. The biological and antigenic properties of toxin A and toxin B are very similar to those of HT and LT [5,12,17,23,24].…”

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Protective Effects of Clostridium sordellii LT and HT Toxoids against Challenge with Spores in Guinea Pigs.

Amimoto

Oishi

Yasuhar

et al. 2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The protective effects of Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin (LT) and hemorrhagic toxin (HT) toxoids against challenge with spores in guinea pigs were investigated. Purified LT and partially purified HT were obtained from the culture supernatant of C. sordellii strain 3703, and then were treated with formalin to make toxoids. LT, HT and combined LT and HT (LT / HT) toxoid vaccines were prepared by mixing each toxoid with an aluminum phosphate gel as adjuvant. Guinea pigs immunized twice with the respective toxoid vaccines were challenged with spores of strains 3703 or KZ1047. The latter strain does not produce HT. LT toxoid vaccine conferred protection against challenge with strain KZ1047, but not strain 3703, in guinea pigs. All guinea pigs immunized with HT toxoid vaccine died after challenge with spores of either strain. LT/HT toxoid vaccine gave complete protection against challenge with spores of strains 3703 and KZ1047 to guinea pigs. These results suggest that not only LT toxoid, but also HT toxoid, are essential protective antigens of C. sordellii. KEY WORDS: Clostridium sordellii, HT, LT, toxoid.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(8): 879-883, 2001 Clostridium sordellii causes gas gangrene in humans [19] and animals [7,18], and it has also been known as an agent of enteritis in cattle and sheep [2][3][4]7]. The diseases associated with C. sordellii have been controlled by toxoids and bacterins in animals [7]. The pathogenic C. sordellii strains produce lethal toxin (LT) alone or both LT and hemorrhagic toxin (HT) [15,24]. LT has edematizing and cytotoxic activities in addition to its lethal toxicity [5,17]. HT has much weaker lethal and cytotoxic activities than LT [5,12,17]. Consequently, LT masks the action of HT in culture supernatants, and the differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic C. sordellii strains has been conventionally based on LT production [8]. A consequence of this is that C. sordellii vaccines have been produced on the basis of inducing LT-specific antitoxins alone, however, the lethal activity of HT is not as low as the activities of other clostridial lethal toxins [6,20,21].The toxins of C. sordellii have often been compared with toxin A and toxin B produced by C. difficile [5,12,15,17]. The biological and antigenic properties of toxin A and toxin B are very similar to those of HT and LT [5,12,17,23,24]. Both toxoid A and toxoid B are essential for complete protection in hamsters with a C. difficile vaccine [10].The necessity of HT toxoid for protection against bacterial infections has not fully been investigated. In this study, we examined the protective effects of toxoids against lethal challenge with C. sordellii spores in guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains: C. sordellii strain 3703 (LT-positive, HT-positive) [14-16, 23, 24] and strain KZ1047 (LT-positive, HT-negative) [14,16,23] were obtained from the Department of Bacteriology at the School of Medicine of Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.Preparations of purified LT and partially purified HT toxoids...

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Cytotoxin Production by Clostridium sordellii Strains

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Separation of Two Cytotoxins of Clostridium sordellii Strains

Separation of Two Cytotoxins of Clostridium sordellii Strains

Infection of Internal Umbilical Remnant in Foals by Clostridium sordellii

Protective Effects of Clostridium sordellii LT and HT Toxoids against Challenge with Spores in Guinea Pigs.

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