Cytotoxicity of the venom of Pelagia noctiluca forskål (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Mariottini, Gian Luigi; Sottofattori, Enzo; Mazzei, Mauro; Robbiano, Luigi; Carli, A.

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(01)00262-8

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Pelagia noctiluca is known for its potent venom [6]. The characteristic delayed histological features found in such cases are dense superficial perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes and eosinophils associated with edema of the papillary dermis, for which it has been suggested Langerhan's cells and T lymphocytes may play a central role [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of immediate and delayed reactions after contact with a venomous mauve-stinger jellyfish in a diabetic patient

Shapo¹,

Saker²

2013

IJCRI

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Introduction: A contact with the venoms produced by a pelagic jellyfish type, known as Pelagia noctiluca, can induce both local and general symptoms. We report here a case of jellyfish envenomation with a mauvestinger in a diabetic patient who developed localized skin involvement, delayed systemic reaction and hyperglycemia. To our knowledge this is the first report of this kind in literature. Case Report: The patient, an adult male tourist with type I diabetes, was stung on the forehead by a mauve stinger jellyfish while swimming on the Maltese coast in summer 2012. Local symptoms were initially of an erythematous, edematous and a vesicular topical lesion in the forehead region, followed by massive eye swelling 72 hours after the incident. In addition, his normally well controlled diabetes was affected, with an unusual severe episode of hyperglycemia that did not respond readily to alterations in his insulin regime. Conclusion: Pelagia noctiluca is a jellyfish known for its strong cytotoxic properties. We hypothesize that the stress

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of immediate and delayed reactions after contact with a venomous mauve-stinger jellyfish in a diabetic patient

Shapo¹,

Saker²

2013

IJCRI

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“…On the contrary, effects on DNA were not emphasized and the increase of ATP levels after 1 hour treatment and a subsequent decrease was observed. 40 Higher nematocyst concentrations in CV (120,000, 240,000, 480,000 nem./mL) caused strong cytotoxicity to L929 cells (cell survival 99, 94, 71%, respectively) after 20 min. 44 Subsequently, Morabito et al 41 observed that 0.05-0.5 μg/mL of CV induced dose-and time-dependent production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) which caused oxidative stress and changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and affected cell viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.…”

Section: Toxicological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…5,[39][40][41][42][43] In addition, the activity of crude venom on other cnidarians has been assessed.…”

Section: Toxicological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion, neutral red assay and colony forming efficiency CV induced remarkable and fast cytotoxicity with severe survival decrease on cultured V79 cells in both short-term 40 and long-term 39 tests. Cell growth decrease of 45, 61, and 38% was observed after treatment with 15,000, 30,000, and 150,000 nematocysts/mL, respectively.…”

Section: Toxicological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The venom and the toxicity of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). A review of three decades of research in Italian laboratories and future perspectives

et al. 2015

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Recurrent outbreaks of Pelagia noctiluca and health problems consequent to stings were recorded during the last decades. This phenomenon forced some Italian University laboratories to study this cnidarian. The first studies concerned the distribution, biochemical composition and morphology of nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca. The discharge mechanism of nematocysts was defined starting from early 1980s when enzymes, cations, anions, and pH were observed to have an influence on this process. Notably, trypsin, extreme pH values, some anions (I -, Cl -, SCN -), and thioglycolate were seen to induce, while La 3+ and Gd 3+ to prevent, nematocyst discharge. The discharge of both in situ and isolated nematocyst was found to be Ca 2+ dependent. Furthermore, Pelagia noctiluca nematocysts were seen to retain their discharging capacity in distilled water. The toxicological evaluations were carried out mainly using the crude venom from Pelagia noctiluca because, unfortunately, to date the composition of venom remains unknown. Hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of crude venom have been evaluated on erythrocytes and cultured guinea-pig fibroblasts, mouse fibroblasts, and cancer (neuroblastoma) cells. The activity of Pelagia noctiluca venom on other cnidarians has been also assessed. The crude venom induced apoptosis by reactive oxygen species generation and decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, loss of mitochondrial integrity, and alteration of cell membrane permeability. A pore-forming action mechanism on mitochondrial membrane with oxidative damage was also suggested. The protective activity of some compounds against envenomations has been also evaluated. Future challenges will concern the attempts to characterize the venom and to perform a wider screening of cytotoxicity induced to normal and cancer cells.

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“…Nematocysts can discharge in response to a variety of mechanical and chemical stimuli, as well as in response to occasional contact, and they are considered to be the most sophisticated lethal weapons in the animal kingdom (Tardent 1995 Cnidarian venom is made of a complex mixture of biologically active molecules including 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, proteins such as proteases and phospholipases, and small peptides. The nematocyst toxins exert many bioactivities such as haemolytic, cytolytic, clastogenic, enzymatic, cardiotoxic, neurotoxic and insecticidial activities (Mariottini et al 2002;Li et al 2005;Yu et al 2005;Monroy-Estrada et al 2007;Kang et al 2009;Birsa et al 2010). In many cases, cytolytic, haemolytic or neurotoxic effects have been shown by several biological assays, amongst which the haemolytic assay is the most suitable and most used, being highly sensitive and simple to carry out (Marino et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemolytic activity and characterization of nematocyst venom fromPelagia noctiluca(Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Trapani

Parrino

Parisi

et al. 2013

Italian Journal of Zoology

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We investigated the haemolytic capacity of the crude venom extracted from isolated nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa), and evidenced the proteic fractions responsible for this activity. The nematocyst venom was used at various concentrations to evaluate the haemolytic activity and the lysosomal membrane stability of red blood cells of two teleostean species treated with the extract. The nematocyst extract was assayed against erythrocytes of the two teleostean species living in different environments, Carassius auratus as a common freshwater species, and Liza aurata as a representative of seawater species. Experiments on the haemolytic activity of P. noctiluca in the presence of lipid components of erythrocyte membranes showed that sphyngomyelin strongly inhibited this activity. The crude venom was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the proteic composition, and it was found that the active haemolytic components of this venom are distributed in at least four protein fractions. The results of our experiments indicated that Pelagia noctiluca venom induces haemolysis and lysosomal membrane destabilisation in both species and that Carassius auratus was more susceptible to jellyfish venom than was Liza aurata. No significant differences in glutathione (GSH) levels were observed between control and treatments; consequently the toxins do not cause the oxidative stress but likely recognize specific targets (i.e. sphyngomyelin) in the plasmatic membrane of red blood cells.

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Cytotoxicity of the venom of Pelagia noctiluca forskål (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

A case of immediate and delayed reactions after contact with a venomous mauve-stinger jellyfish in a diabetic patient

A case of immediate and delayed reactions after contact with a venomous mauve-stinger jellyfish in a diabetic patient

The venom and the toxicity of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). A review of three decades of research in Italian laboratories and future perspectives

Haemolytic activity and characterization of nematocyst venom fromPelagia noctiluca(Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

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