Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticles

Lewinski, Nastassja A.; Colvin, Vicki L.; Drezek, Rebekah A.

doi:10.1002/smll.200700595

Cited by 2,533 publications

(1,814 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(160 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

1,770

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The evaluation of NP toxicity using these common assays has however resulted in conflicting data as can be found in reviews listing data on the toxicity of a specific NP or the correlation between the NP's physicochemical properties and the toxic effects it evokes 29,[101][102][103] . This led to an increasing awareness that these methods, and especially the in vitro methods, are not as appropriate and well-suited for nanotoxicology purposes as was previously assumed 82,93 .…”

Section: Issues With Routine Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Issues With Routine Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Gold nanoparticles, including nanorods in this size range, have applications in industrial catalysis, chemical sensing and pharmaceutical technologies, and it is known they can be taken up by cells in culture [19][20][21][22][23] . This work reports the fate of gold nanoparticles in a complex ecosystem containing sediments, biofilms, primary producers, filter feeders, grazers and omnivores.…”

Section: Nmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of gold nanoparticles from the water column to the estuarine food web

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Within the next five years the manufacture of large quantities of nanomaterials may lead to unintended contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems 1 . The unique physical, chemical and electronic properties of nanomaterials allow new modes of interaction with environmental systems that can have unexpected impacts 2,3 . Here, we show that gold nanorods can readily pass from the water column to the marine food web in three laboratory-constructed estuarine mesocosms containing sea water, sediment, sea grass, microbes, biofilms, snails, clams, shrimp and fish. A single dose of gold nanorods (65 nm length 3 15 nm diameter) was added to each mesocosm and their distribution in the aqueous and sediment phases monitored over 12 days. Nanorods partitioned between biofilms, sediments, plants, animals and sea water with a recovery of 84.4%. Clams and biofilms accumulated the most nanoparticles on a per mass basis, suggesting that gold nanorods can readily pass from the water column to the marine food web.The transport of contaminants to oceans through estuaries is often mediated by chemical and physical processes associated with mixing fresh water with sea water. As this region is also the habitat for many commercially and ecologically important shellfish and finfish, it could also be a critical point of nanomaterial contaminant entry into the marine food web. For example, salinity gradients, such as those found in tidal mixing zones, typically promote the flocculation and precipitation of organic matter and naturally occurring particulates 4,5 . Organic matter and particulates can be consumed by detritivores or shellfish, and they can also be a sink for anthropogenic material through burial in sediments 6 . At present little is known about the physicochemical behaviour of nanomaterial in the mixing zone, precluding prediction of their eventual environmental distribution. Measurement of nanomaterial distributions in model estuarine systems is a necessary first step towards the evaluation of the effects of nanoparticles on the environment.This study used a series of three replicate estuarine mesocosms as laboratories for measuring the behaviour of nanoparticles in complex environments. These systems are representative of Spartina (cordgrass) dominated estuaries and have been successfully used for estimating the coastal impact of several other contaminants, including atrazine, fipronil, endosulfan and nutrients (Fig. 1) [7][8][9][10] . In this study, three replicates of a complex ecosystem were constructed to model the edge of a tidal marsh creek. The systems were made up from natural, unfiltered sea water from Cherry Point Boat Landing on Wadmalaw Island, South Carolina, USA (salinity determined by conductivity and adjusted to 20‰ by the addition of deionized water) and contained a periodically submerged sediment tray in the primary tank and an attached reservoir for water storage (isolated with a screen) to simulate a tidal cycle [9][10][11] . Sediments were planted with Spartina alterniflora, 100 juvenile Mercenari...

show abstract

“…Although the potential of quantum dots to be harmful has been rather controversially discussed (12,13), the effect of metal nanoparticles differs greatly depending on the metal used for their generation. In case of gold, evidence for toxicity is so far comparatively low (14). A severe increase in cell death has only been observed in particles of a diameter of 1.4 and 1.2 nm, which can be regarded as gold atom clusters rather then nanoparticles (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonendosomal cellular uptake of ligand‐free, positively charged gold nanoparticles

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have interesting optical properties, such as exceptionally high quantum yields and virtually limitless photostability. Therefore, they show the potential for applications as biomarkers especially suitable for in vivo and long-term studies. The generation of GNPs using pulsed laser light rather than chemical means provides nanoparticles, which are remarkably stable in a variety of media without the need of stabilizing agents or ligands. This stabilization is achieved by partial oxidation of the gold surface resulting in positively charged GNPs. However, little is known about cellular uptake of such ligand-free nanoparticles, their intracellular fate, or cell viability after nanoparticle contact. The current work is aimed to explore the response of a bovine cell line to GNP exposure mainly using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) supported by other techniques. Cultured bovine immortalized cells (GM7373) were coincubated with GNP (average diameter 15 nm, 50 lM Au) for 2, 24, and 48 h. The detection of GNP-associated light scattering by the LSCM facilitated a clear distinction between GNP-containing cells and the negative controls. After 48 h, 75% of cells had visibly incorporated nanoparticles. No colocalization was detected with either Rab5a or Lamp1-positive structures, i.e., endosomes or lysosomes, respectivley. However, transmission electron microscope analysis of GNP-coincubated cells indicated the nanoparticles to be positioned within electron-dense structures. Coincubation at 48C did not inhibit nanoparticle uptake, suggesting diffusion as possible entrance mechanism. Although the assessment of cell morphology, membrane integrity, and apoptosis revealed no GNP-related loss of cell viability at a gold concentration of 25 lM or below, a cytotoxic effect was observed in a proliferation assay after exposing low cell numbers to 50 lM Au and above. In conclusion, this study confirmed the cellular uptake of ligand-free gold nanoparticles during coincubation apparently without using endocytic pathways. '

show abstract

Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticles

Cited by 2,533 publications

References 137 publications

Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap

Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap

Transfer of gold nanoparticles from the water column to the estuarine food web

Nonendosomal cellular uptake of ligand‐free, positively charged gold nanoparticles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About