Cytotoxicity of Five Plant Extracts Against Different Human Cancer Cell Lines and Their Molecular Mechanism

Abstract

Objective: Five methanol plant extracts namely, Euphorbia hierosolymitana, Dracaena marginata, Cordyline terminalis, and Sapium sebifera were screened in vitro for their cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines; namely, PC-3, HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 (prostate, liver, colon, and breast cancer) and human normal cell lines, namely, BJ-1.
 Methods: E. hierosolymitana (extract A) selectively inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation with IC50 of 4.22 μg/ml, both Dracaena marginata (extract B) (bark, leaves, and branches) showed moderate cytotoxicity on MCF-7 with IC50 of 22.4 and 48.2 μg/ml, respectively. The remaining two extracts showed minimal to insignificant percentage inhibition on all cell lines.
 Results: E. hierosolymitana extract was selected for further studying, where the effect of the extract on the HCT116 cells showed a downregulation of her2 and Bcl-2 gene and overexpression of the Bax gene. Flow cytometry analysis was also performed to understand the effect of E. hierosolymitana on the apoptosis induction and the cell cycle. The results showed the induction of early and late apoptosis by 5.81 and 10.01%, respectively.
 Conclusion: Our results infer that E. hierosolymitana has a promising chance in fighting colorectal cancer due to its high cytotoxic effects on HCT116 cancer cells while having minimal effects on the BJ-1 normal cell lines.

Anti-Colorectal Cancer Effects of Medicinal Plants: Euphorbia helioscopia, Ferula elaeochytris, and Sideritis albiflora

“…Cytotoxicity of euphodendrophanes A, B, C, D, E F, and tigliane euphodendriane A isolated from Euphorbia dendroides on DLD-1 line was reported with IC50 values of 59.3, 22.1, 42.7, 37.9, 75.3, and 27.4 µM, respectively (Aljancic et al, 2011). Superior cytotoxic effect was observed in the methanol extract of Euphorbia hierosolymitana on HCT-116 cell line with IC50 value of 4.22 µg/mL (El-Hallouty et al, 2020). Mesas et al (2021) reported the cytotoxic effect of Euphorbia lathyris ethanol extract (IC50: 72.9±1.27 µg/mL) against HCT-115 cell line.…”

Application of Tissue Culture Techniques to Improve the Productivity of Medicinal Secondary Products from Medicinal Plants

“…Screening of 346 methanol extracts of 281 native and cultivated plant species in Egypt indicated that Agave americana, A. lophantha, Furcraea selloa, Calotropis procera, Pergularia tomentosa, Asclepias sinaica, Alkanna orientalis, Khaya grandifoliola, Swietenia mahogani, Pimenta racemosa, Pinus canariensis, Verbascum sinaiticum, Solanum elaeagnifolium, S. nigrum, and Brachychiton rupestris have strong antischistosomal activity [31]. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the extract of 90 plants DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105193 Application of Tissue Culture Techniques to Improve the Productivity of Medicinal Secondary... was determined by 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay [32], and extracts of some plant species expressed high antioxidant and cytotoxic activities that inhibited the growth of cancer cells [33]. Leaves of A. marmelos contain several medicinal compounds including π-sitosterol, lupeol, aegelin, rutin, flavone, glycoside, marmesinine, oisopentenyl halfordiol, phenylethyl cinnamides, and marmeline [24].…”

Nature’s Green Potential: Anticancer Properties of Plants of the Euphorbiaceae Family

“…ex Boiss., Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, Euphorbia heterophylla L., Euphorbia helioscopia L., Euphorbia hierosolymitana Boiss., and Ricinus communis L. extracts [ 13 , 95 , 105 , 106 , 211 , 215 ]. Proapoptotic protein Bax is higher when cancer cells receive treatment with Trigothysoid N, Ebracteolatain A, and Ebracteolatain B also [ 146 , 232 ].…”