Cytotoxicity of cucurbitacin E from Citrullus colocynthis against multidrug-resistant cancer cells

In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Cucurbitacin C, a Novel Natural Product From Cucumber

“…Cucurbitacins have been gaining attention of scientists for their potential anti-cancer effects for decades (Lee et al, 2010; Alghasham, 2013; Cai et al, 2015), which process a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and anti-cancer activities (Kaushik et al, 2015). In particular, the anti-cancer activities of cucurbitacins through antiproliferation (Mao et al, 2019; Saeed et al, 2019), inhibition of migration and invasion (Touihri-Barakati et al, 2017; Zou et al, 2018), induction of cell apoptosis (Ding et al, 2017; He et al, 2017; Liu et al, 2018; Mao et al, 2019), autophagy (Ni et al, 2018; Lin et al, 2019), and cell cycle arrest promotion are of great interest (Liu et al, 2018). For instance, cucurbitacins B, D, E, and I are the most wildly studied variants and exhibit general in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effects.…”

Antiproliferative Properties of a Few Auranofin-Related Gold(I) and Silver(I) Complexes in Leukemia Cells and their Interferences with the Ubiquitin Proteasome System

“…It is a well-established measure to determine the cytotoxic potential of anticancer drugs. The IC 50 values were calculated from a calibration curve by linear regression using Microsoft Excel [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Scaffold fragmentation and substructure hopping reveal potential, robustness, and limits of computer-aided pattern analysis (C@PA)

“…Less- or under-studied ABC transporters are barely reflected in the literature. In terms of retrospective molecular docking experiments, rare exceptions are ABCB5 [54] , ABCB6 [55] , or ABCC10 [56] , [57] . Ligand-based retrospective approaches are much less present in literature and have been described, for example, for ABCB11 [20] , [21] , [22] , or ABCC2 [58] .…”

“…Multitargeting is a promising approach to explore under-studied ABC transporters by targeting similar or mutually overlapping binding sites [15] , [73] , [74] . Several pharmacological drugs have already been revealed as (weak) pan-ABC transporter inhibitors (=inhibiting several ABC transporters simultaneously), as for example, benzbromarone ( 1 ; ABCB1 [75] , ABCB11 [20] , ABCC1-6 [23] , [24] , [58] , [76] , [77] , and ABCG2 [75] ), cyclosporine A ( 2 ; ABCA1 [27] , ABCB1 [16] , ABCB4 [78] , ABCB11 [20] , ABCC1–2 [23] , [58] , ABCC10 [24] , ABCG1–2 [75] , [79] ), glibenclamide (glyburide, 3 ; ABCA1 [29] , ABCB11 [20] , ABCC1 [23] , ABCC5 [80] , ABCC7–9 [81] , [82] , [83] , ABCG2 [58] ), probenecid ( 4 ; ABCA8 [84] , ABCC1–6 [23] , [24] , [85] , [86] , [87] , ABCC10 [88] ), verapamil ( 5 ; ABCA8 [84] , ABCB1 [16] , ABCB4–5 [54] , [78] , ABCB11 [89] , ABCC1 [23] , ABCC4 [90] , ABCC10 [88] , ABCG2 [58] ), or verlukast (MK571, 6 ; ABCA8 [84] , ABCB4 [78] , ABCB11 [20] , ABCC1–5 [23] , [58] , [80] , [87] , [91] , ABCC10–11 [24] , [92] , ABCG2 [58] ). Fig.…”