Cytotoxicity of 111In-oxine on mesenchymal stem cells: a time-dependent adverse effect

Abstract

Cytotoxic effects of In on human stem cells is a time-dependent phenomenon and hence, assessment of the stem cell viability immediately after labeling (which is frequently made in clinical trials) is unable to detect adverse effects of this radiopharmaceutical on the integrity of stem cells. Even low doses of In-oxine are accompanied by significant cell loss in a 2-week period. Although it has been confirmed that nuclear medicine techniques are the most sensitive methods for stem cell tracking, we recommend that the application of this tracking technique should be treated with great reserve, and if necessary, as little of In-oxine as possible should be added to the cells (or only a limited portion of the cells should be labeled) to minimize cell death.

What is the effect of radioiodine therapy on Helicobacter pylori infection?

“…Although RAI therapy is not a logical method for treatment in patients suffering from H. pylori, it can be potentially used in the food industry to sterilize food. Based on these facts, Gholamrezanezhad et al investigated whether the high radiation induced by RAI in the stomach is effective in the eradication of H. pylori infections (22). They showed a significant reduction in the number of positive UBT results in a group of patients with DTC who underwent RAI treatment (32.4% of UBT-positive cases became UBT-negative).…”

Cell Tracking Technologies for Acute Ischemic Brain Injury

“…For example, forms of bioluminescent optical imaging theoretically allow for stem cells to be imaged indefinitely (providing information about the dynamics of stem cells, such as location, migration, and proliferation), and can be performed at a relatively low cost, but due to the low penetration of light from bioluminescent cells, 24 this imaging modality is constrained with respect to the depth of tissue that can be observed. Conversely, PET, SPECT, and MRI are able to detect stem cells deep within a subject, but either require the use of a radioactive isotope that may damage the functionality of cells (PET/SPECT), 25 or typically have low sensitivity (MRI). 26 Efforts are underway to overcome these restrictions (discussed in the sections below), through improved cell-labelling techniques and by combining modalities so that one may accommodate the shortfalls of another (multimodal imaging).…”

Clinical Stem Cell Imaging and In vivo Tracking

“…ii. 111 In-oxine: Indium-111 is an Auger electron emitter, which internalizes nonspecifically into both normal and malignant cells Gholamrezanezhad, Mirpour et al 2009). Thanks to the long half life of Indium-111, serial tracking of cells over 10 days using single photo electron computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is possible (Gholamrezanezhad, Mirpour et al 2011).…”

“…The remaining five samples (samples 2-6) were labeled with the following doses of 111 In-oxine, respectively: 0.76, 1.64, 3.48, 5.33, and 7.16 MBq/10 6 MSCs. To evaluate the effects of 111 In-oxine labeling on cellular viability and count, all samples were examined immediately after labeling (2 h) as well as 24, 48 h, and 5, 7, and 14 days post-labeling (Gholamrezanezhad, Mirpour et al 2009). Fortunately, no statistically significant relationship was found between labeling efficiency and administered dosage of radiopharmaceutical.…”

“…cannot exclude the possibility that radionuclide signals are detected from the reticuloendothelial cells, which theoretically are able to phagocytize nonviable stem cells (for example, due to time-dependent cytotoxic effect of the 111In-oxine, after infusion, a limited portion of stem cells will lose viability (Gholamrezanezhad, Mirpour et al 2009). In fact, no one can be sure that the observed radioactivity in vivo reveals the presence of viable stem cells in the organs having radioactivity.…”