Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and tumorigenicity of mainstream smoke from three reference cigarettes machine-smoked to the same yields of total particulate matter per cigarette

Roemer, E.; Ottmueller, T.H.; Zenzen, Volker; Wittke, Sandra; Radtke, F.; Blanco, I.; Carchman, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.048

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…26 Manufacturers and related groups provide limited characterization of the design and chemistry of the quality control and reference products. 24–29 These reference and monitor products are an invaluable resource to the research community engaged in analytical chemistry method development, chemical analysis of tobacco and tobacco smoke, and toxicological tobacco product research. However, tobacco reference products are produced from tobacco, an agricultural product, and, consequently, they are unlikely to be sufficiently characterized, stable, and homogenous in nature to meet the definition of a Standard Reference Material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To provide researchers an extensive characterization of the SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes. Methods Data on cigarette physical properties, nicotine content, harmful and potentially harmful constituents in the tobacco filler was compiled. Results Data on physical properties, concentrations of menthol, nicotine and minor alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ammonia, and toxic metals in the filler tobacco for all available varieties of Spectrum research cigarettes are provided. The similarity in the chemistry and physical properties of SPECTRUM cigarettes to commercial cigarettes renders them acceptable for use in behavioral studies. Baseline information on harmful and potentially harmful constituents in research tobacco products, particularly constituent levels such as minor alkaloids that fall outside typical ranges reported for commercial, provide researchers with the opportunity to monitor smoking behavior and to identify biomarkers that will inform efforts to understand the role of nicotine in creating and sustaining addiction. Conclusions Well characterized research cigarettes suitable for human consumption are an important tool in clinical studies for investigating the physiological impacts of cigarettes delivering various levels of nicotine, the impact of reduced nicotine cigarettes on nicotine addiction, and the relationship between nicotine dose and smoking behavior.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 However these products have a long history of use as quality control materials and have been analyzed and reported in the scientific literature alongside commercial products. 27–29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The calculated dose–response curves and key values (ED 50 ) for a direct comparison of both cigarettes revealed their different cytotoxic potency. The most common assessment of cigarette smoke cytotoxicity is based on the evaluation of condensates and extracts of the gas vapor phase [44, 45] also resulting in dose response relationships, although the test material did not reflect the composition of the native test atmosphere, e.g., with regard to short living radicals and gaseous compounds. Also interactions with medium components have to be taken in consideration, distorting the biological effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical in vitro approach for studying cyto- and genotoxic effects of particulate airborne material

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the field of inhalation toxicology, progress in the development of in vitro methods and efficient exposure strategies now offers the implementation of cellular-based systems. These can be used to analyze the hazardous potency of airborne substances like gases, particles, and complex mixtures (combustion products). In addition, the regulatory authorities require the integration of such approaches to reduce or replace animal experiments. Although the animal experiment currently still has to provide the last proof of the toxicological potency and classification of a certain compound, in vitro testing is gaining more and more importance in toxicological considerations. This paper gives a brief characterization of the CULTEX® Radial Flow System exposure device, which allows the exposure of cultivated cells as well as bacteria under reproducible and stable conditions for studying cellular and genotoxic effects after the exposure at the air–liquid or air–agar interface, respectively. A commercial bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-) as well as Salmonella typhimurium tester strains were exposed to smoke of different research and commercial available cigarettes. A dose-dependent reduction of cell viability was found in the case of 16HBE14o- cells; S. typhimurium responded with a dose-dependent induction of revertants. The promising results recommend the integration of cellular studies in the field of inhalation toxicology and their regulatory acceptance by advancing appropriate validation studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5163-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Cytotoxicity of TPM and the water soluble constituents of the gas/vapor phase (GVP) of MS was assessed with the Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assay Puerner, 1985, 1987) with mouse embryo BALB/c 3T3 cells as previously described (Roemer et al, 2009). …”

Section: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes part 4: Mechanistic investigations, smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicity

Roemer

Dempsey

Lawless-Pyne

et al. 2014

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicity of mainstream smoke (MS) was investigated in American-blended cigarettes with or without the addition of 2.5%, 5% or 10% eugenol to the tobacco and in Indonesian-blended cigarettes with and without the addition of cloves, cloves extracted with hot ethanol, and extracted cloves replenished with eugenol or clove oil. The addition of eugenol reduced the concentration of nearly all toxicants measured in MS as well as the in vitro cytotoxicity of the gas/vapor phase. Reductions were also seen in bacterial mutagenicity of the total particulate matter (TPM) assessed by the Ames Assay. The addition of extracted cloves led to increases and decreases of toxicant concentrations in MS. Replenishment with eugenol or clove oil decreased the toxicant concentrations; with most smoke constituent concentrations reduced below the concentration found in tobacco-only cigarettes. Cytotoxicity of the TPM was not affected by the clove preparations. However, GVP cytotoxicity was reduced (untreated cloves showing the highest reductions). Mutagenicity of TPM was decreased by the clove preparations. Mechanisms for the reductions, (up to 40%), are most likely due to dilution effects by eugenol, changed burning characteristics of the tobacco, and free radical scavenging by eugenol.

show abstract

Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and tumorigenicity of mainstream smoke from three reference cigarettes machine-smoked to the same yields of total particulate matter per cigarette

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes

Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes

Analytical in vitro approach for studying cyto- and genotoxic effects of particulate airborne material

Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes part 4: Mechanistic investigations, smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About